As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 3, 2020

Registration No. 333-235385

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 2 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CHF SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

12988 Valley View Road
Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344
(952) 345-4200
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

John Erb
Chief Executive Officer
CHF Solutions, Inc.
12988 Valley View Road
Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344
(952) 345-4200
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  o

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 3, 2020

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

CHF SOLUTIONS, INC.

1,627,907 Class A Units consisting of shares of common stock and warrants and 6,511,628 Class B Units consisting of Series H convertible preferred stock and warrants (and shares of common stock underlying such warrants)

We are offering 1,627,907 Class A Units, with each Class A Unit consisting of one share of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock (together with the shares of common stock underlying such warrants, the “Class A Units”) at an assumed public offering price of $0.86 per Class A Unit, the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2019. Warrants included in the Class A Units have an exercise price of $[   ] per whole share.

We are also offering 6,511,628 Class B Units to purchasers who prefer not to beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock following the consummation of this offering. Each Class B Unit will consist of one share of Series H Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series H Preferred Stock”), convertible at any time at the holder’s option into one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of [   ] per share (together with the shares of common stock underlying such shares of Series H Preferred Stock and such warrants, the “Class B Units” and, together with the Class A Units, the “Units”) at an assumed public offering price of $0.86 per Class B Unit.

The Class A Units and Class B Units will not be certificated and the shares of common stock, Series H Preferred Stock and warrants comprising such Units are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering.

The price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market during recent periods will only be one of many factors in determining the public offering price. Other factors to be considered in determining the public offering price include our history, our prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the previous experience of our executive officers, the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering and discussions between the underwriters and prospective investors. The recent market price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price. All share numbers included in this prospectus are based upon an assumed offering price and conversion price of $0.86, the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2019.

Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “CHFS”. See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments” in this prospectus for important information about the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. We do not intend to list the warrants or preferred stock to be sold in this offering on any stock exchange or other trading market.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment in our securities, you should read and carefully consider the risks described in this prospectus under the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” on page 7 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed on the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriter has the option to purchase up to (i) 1,220,930 additional shares of common stock, and/or (ii) additional warrants to purchase up to 1,220,930 additional shares of common stock solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price per share of common stock and the public offering price per warrant set forth above less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The over-allotment option may be used to purchase shares of common stock and/or warrants, or any combination thereof, as determined by the underwriter, but such purchases cannot exceed an aggregate of 15% of the number of shares of common stock (including the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Series H Preferred Stock) and 15% of the warrants sold in the primary offering. The over-allotment option is exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus.

The underwriters expect to deliver the securities to purchasers on [                     ], 2020.

Sole Book-Running Manager

Ladenburg Thalmann

The date of this prospectus is [                     ], 2020.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free-writing prospectus that we authorize to be distributed to you. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information different from or in addition to that contained in this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are offering to sell, and are seeking offers to buy, the securities offered by this prospectus only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the securities. Our business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you under the caption “Where You Can Find Additional Information” in this prospectus.

We have not, and the underwriter has not, done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the securities and distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

We obtained industry and market data used throughout this prospectus through our research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications. We have not independently verified market and industry data from third-party sources.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). It omits some of the information contained in the registration statement and reference is made to the registration statement for further information with regard to us and the securities being offered hereby. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information about us and the securities being offered hereby. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we filed as an exhibit to the registration statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified by reference to the filings. You should review the complete document to evaluate these statements.

You should read this prospectus, any documents that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus and the additional information described below under “Where You Can Find Additional Information” before making an investment decision. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with additional, different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of such document. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Our reports, proxy statements and other information filed with the SEC are available free of charge to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. These documents may also be accessed on our website at www.chf-solutions.com. Information contained in, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before deciding to invest in our securities, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including our financial statements and related notes, the information in the section “Risk Factors” and “Where You Can Find Additional Information.” Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “CHFS,” “we,” “us”, and “our” refer to CHF Solutions, Inc.

Company Overview

We are a medical device company dedicated to changing the lives of patients suffering from fluid overload through science, collaboration, and innovative technology. The company is focused on developing, manufacturing, and commercializing the Aquadex FlexFlow® system for ultrafiltration therapy. The Aquadex FlexFlow® system is indicated for temporary (up to eight hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and extended (longer than 8 hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and require hospitalization.

The Aquadex FlexFlow System

The Aquadex FlexFlow system is designed to simply, safely, and precisely remove excess fluid (primarily excess salt and water) from patients suffering from fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy. With the Aquadex FlexFlow system, medical practitioners can specify and control the amount of fluid to be extracted at a safe, predictable, and effective rate, in a process known as aquapheresis therapy. The Aquadex FlexFlow system has been shown to have no clinically significant impact on electrolyte balance, blood pressure or heart rate.¹ Unlike other forms of ultrafiltration, which typically require administration specifically by a nephrologist, the Aquadex FlexFlow system may be prescribed by any physician and administered by a healthcare provider, both of whom have received training in extracorporeal therapies.

Benefits of the Aquadex FlexFlow System

The Aquadex FlexFlow ultrafiltration system offers a safe approach to treating fluid overload and:

The Aquadex FlexFlow system consists of:

The Aquadex FlexFlow blood set is proprietary and the Aquadex FlexFlow system can only be used with the Aquadex FlexFlow blood set. The dual lumen extended length catheter (dELC) is designed for use with the Aquadex FlexFlow system, although it is one of many potential catheter options available to the healthcare provider.

Corporate Information

CHF Solutions, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on August 22, 2002. We began operating our business in November 1999 through Sunshine Heart Company Pty Limited, which currently is a wholly owned Australian subsidiary of CHF Solutions, Inc.

Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on February 16, 2012. Our principal executive offices are located at 12988 Valley View Road, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, and our telephone number is (952) 345-4200. Our website address is www.chf-solutions.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act will be made available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which it forms a part.

We are, and will remain, a “smaller reporting company” as long as our public float remains less than $250 million as of the last business day of our most recently-completed second fiscal quarter. A smaller reporting company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to U.S. public companies. As long as our public float remains below $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, we are exempt from the attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent auditors pursuant to section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 but are required to make our own internal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Recent Developments

Preliminary Q4 and Year 2019 Revenue Results and Cash Position (unaudited)

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we generated estimated revenue of $1.367 million, a 9.4% increase over the quarter ended September 30, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we generated estimated revenue of $5.508 million, a 10.2% increase over the year ended December 31, 2018. In the fourth quarter, our cash utilization was $4.1 million and as of December 31, 2019, our cash balance was $1.3 million.

Nasdaq Notice

On December 17, 2019, we received a letter (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) advising that for 30 consecutive trading days preceding the date of the Notice, the bid price of our common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). The Notice has no effect on the listing of our common stock at this time, and our common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CHFS.” Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), if during the 180 calendar day period following the date of the Notice (the “Compliance Period”), the closing bid price of our common stock is at or above $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, we will regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and our common stock will continue to be eligible for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, absent noncompliance with any other requirement for continued listing. If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price

Requirement by the end of the Compliance Period (or the Compliance Period as may be extended) the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

Pediatrics

On September 30, 2019, the Company submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more. Currently, our Aquadex FlexFlow system is not recommended for use in pediatric patients. Therefore, we do not devote commercialization resources toward, nor promote, the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in pediatric patients. However, based on their clinical expertise and medical judgement, physicians are permitted to prescribe the Aquadex FlexFlow system for use in pediatric patients. We believe that Aquadex FlexFlow system is currently being prescribed by physicians to treat various conditions in pediatric patients, including heart failure, cardiac surgery⁶, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy⁷, solid organ transplantation⁸, and kidney replacement therapy for neonatal patients. If we receive FDA clearance for an update to the product label, we intend to expand our commercialization efforts to include promotion to physicians and hospitals who treat this pediatric population. Subject to FDA review, the Company expects clearance for this pediatric population in early 2020.

Public Offering

On March 12, 2019, we closed on an underwritten public offering of 455,178 shares of common stock, approximately 1.9 million shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, and warrants to purchase approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock, which includes the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option, for gross proceeds of $12.4 million. Net proceeds totaled approximately $11.0 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering.

Registered Direct Offering

On October 25, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of 575,830 shares of common stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $660,000, prior to deduction of commissions and offering expenses. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering, unregistered warrants to purchase up to 575,830 shares of our common stock. On November 6, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of 1,219,076 shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, for gross proceeds of approximately $1.36 million, prior to deduction of commissions and offering expenses. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering, unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,219,076 shares of our common stock. The unregistered warrants issued in each offering were subsequently registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 that was declared effective by the SEC on December 30, 2019.

Reverse Stock Split

On January 2, 2019, we effected a 1-for-14 reverse split of our outstanding common stock. This reverse stock split did not change the par value of our common stock or the number of common or preferred shares authorized by the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

The Offering

Securities—Description of Capital Stock—Preferred Stock—Series H Convertible Preferred Stock Being Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus” on page 79 of this prospectus.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus is based on 4,674,068 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and excludes the shares of common stock being offered by this prospectus or issuable upon conversion of the Series H Preferred Stock or warrants being offered by this prospectus and also excludes the following:

All share and per share amounts for all periods presented in this prospectus and the registration statement of which it forms a part have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock splits we previously effected on January 12, 2017, October 12, 2017 and January 2, 2019.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities has a high degree of risk. Before you invest you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this prospectus. Any of the risks and uncertainties set forth herein could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, which in turn could materially and adversely affect the trading price or value of our securities. Additional risks not currently known to us or which we consider immaterial based on information currently available to us may also materially adversely affect us. As a result, you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have limited history of operations and limited experience in sales and marketing, and we might be unsuccessful in increasing our sales and cannot assure you that we will ever generate substantial revenue or be profitable.

Prior to our acquisition of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in August 2016, we did not have a product approved for commercial sale and focused our resources on developing and manufacturing our C-Pulse System. On September 29, 2016, we announced a strategic refocus of our strategy that included halting all clinical evaluations of the C-Pulse System to fully focus our resources on commercializing our Aquadex FlexFlow system, taking actions to reduce our cash burn in connection with such strategic refocus and reviewing potential strategic alliances and financing alternatives. In addition, our business strategy depends in part on our ability to grow our business by establishing an effective sales force and selling our products to hospitals and other healthcare facilities while controlling costs. In the third quarter of 2018, we announced our intention to expand our commercialization efforts in post-cardiac surgery, in addition to heart failure. We have limited prior experience with respect to sales or marketing of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in both heart failure and post-cardiac surgery. If we are unsuccessful at marketing and selling our Aquadex FlexFlow system, our operations and potential revenues will be materially adversely affected.

We have incurred operating losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur operating losses in the near-term. The report of our independent registered public accounting firm issued in connection with its audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We are an emerging company with a history of incurring net losses. We have incurred net losses since our inception, including net losses of $17.0 million and $13.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $13.7 million for the nine-months ended September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, our accumulated deficit was $213.1 million.

The report of our independent registered public accounting firm issued in connection with its audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Prior to August 2016, we did not have any products approved for commercialization, generated only limited revenue from our clinical studies and had significant operating losses as we incurred costs associated with the conduct of clinical studies and our research and development programs for our C-Pulse System. We became a revenue generating company only after acquiring the business associated with the Aquadex FlexFlow system (herein referred to as the “Aquadex Business”) from Baxter International, Inc. (herein referred to as “Baxter”) in August 2016. We expect to incur additional losses in the near-term as we grow the Aquadex Business, including investments in expanding our sales and marketing capabilities, manufacturing components, and complying with the requirements related to being a U.S. public company listed on Nasdaq. To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in expanding the adoption and market acceptance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. This will require us to succeed in a range of challenging activities, including training personnel at hospitals and effectively and efficiently manufacturing, marketing and distributing the Aquadex FlexFlow system and related components. There can be no assurance that we will succeed in these activities, and we may never generate revenues sufficient to achieve profitability. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain it.

We believe that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations beyond 2020. If additional capital is not available, we will have to delay, reduce or cease operations.

We believe that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations beyond 2020. Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate and could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital. Additional financing may not be available when we need it or may not

be available on terms that are favorable to us. In addition, the risk that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may make it more difficult to obtain necessary additional funding on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funding through the issuance of equity securities, our stockholders may suffer dilution and our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future income may be limited. If we raise additional funding through debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, require us to use our cash to make payments under such indebtedness, force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios or restrict our ability to pay dividends or make acquisitions. If we are unable to secure additional funding, our development programs and our commercialization efforts would be delayed, reduced or eliminated, our relationships with our suppliers and manufacturers may be harmed, and we may not be able to continue our operations.

Our near-term prospects are highly dependent on revenues from a single product, the Aquadex FlexFlow system. We face significant challenges in expanding market acceptance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, which could adversely affect our potential sales.

Our near-term prospects are highly dependent on revenues from a single product, the Aquadex FlexFlow system, and we have no other commercial products or products in active development at this time. The established market or customer base for our Aquadex FlexFlow system is limited and our success depends on our ability to increase adoption and utilization of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. Acceptance of our product in the marketplace by health care providers is uncertain, and our failure to achieve sufficient market acceptance will significantly limit our ability to generate revenue and be profitable. Market acceptance will require substantial marketing efforts and the expenditure of significant funds by us to inform health care providers of the benefits of using the Aquadex FlexFlow system and to provide further training on its use. We may not be able to build key relationships with health care providers to drive further sales in the United States or sell the Aquadex FlexFlow system outside the United States. Product orders may be cancelled, patients or customers currently using our products may cease to do so and patients or customers expected to begin using our products may not. In addition, market acceptance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system may require that we make enhancements to the system or its components. We cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully develop such enhancements, or that if developed they will be viewed favorable by the market. Our ability to achieve acceptance of our Aquadex FlexFlow system depends on our ability to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, ease-of-use and cost-effectiveness of the system. We may not be able to expand the adoption and market acceptance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to both the inpatient and outpatient markets and our potential sales could be harmed.

We depend on a limited number of customers, the loss of which, or failure of which to order our products in a particular period, could cause our revenues to decline.

Our ten largest customers represented 54.1% and 48.7% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2018, and first nine months of 2019, respectively, with our largest customer representing 10.1% and 10.2%, respectively, of our revenues during such periods. Customer ordering patterns may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, or customers may discontinue providing therapies using our products. If one of our largest customers reduced its purchases in a fiscal period, our revenues for that period may be materially adversely affected. Further, if one of our largest customers discontinued the use of our products, our revenues may be materially adversely affected.

We have limited commercial manufacturing experience and could experience difficulty in producing commercial volumes of the Aquadex FlexFlow system and related components or may need to depend on third parties for manufacturing.

We have limited experience in commercial manufacturing of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. In connection with the acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a commercial manufacturing and supply agreement with Baxter, which required Baxter to manufacture Aquadex Flex Flow blood sets and Aquadex FlexFlow catheters for a period of 18 months following the acquisition. We notified Baxter that we intended to have it cease the manufacturing Aquadex product effective as of June 30, 2017. We completed the transfer of manufacturing equipment for the Aquadex Business that we purchased from Baxter to our manufacturing facility in July 2017. We began manufacturing Aquadex FlexFlow consoles and blood circuits in-house in the fourth quarter of 2017 and Aquadex FlexFlow catheters in-house in the third quarter of 2018. With the initiation of internal catheter production, we have completed the transfer of all manufacturing activities of the Aquadex FlexFlow system from Baxter. However, because we have limited prior commercial manufacturing experience, we may incur manufacturing inefficiencies, delays or interruptions. We may not be able to achieve low-cost manufacturing capabilities and processes that will enable us to manufacture the Aquadex FlexFlow system or related components in significant

volumes, while meeting the legal, regulatory, quality, price, durability, engineering, design and production standards required to market our products successfully. If we experience difficulties with our manufacturing operations, we may experience delays in providing products and services to our customers, and our business could be harmed.

We depend upon third-party suppliers, including single source suppliers, making us vulnerable to supply problems and price fluctuations.

We will rely on third-party suppliers, including single source suppliers, to provide us with certain components of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. We have no long-term contracts with third-party suppliers that guarantee volume or the continuation of payment terms. We depend on our suppliers to provide us with materials in a timely manner that meet our quality, quantity and cost requirements. The forecasts of demand we use to determine order quantities and lead times for components purchased from outside suppliers may be incorrect. If we do not increase our sales volumes, which drive our demand for our suppliers’ products, we may not procure volumes sufficient to receive favorable pricing, which could impact our gross margins if we are unable to pass along price differences to our customers. Our failure to obtain required components or subassemblies when needed and at a reasonable cost would adversely affect our business. These suppliers may encounter problems during manufacturing for a variety of reasons, any of which could delay or impede their ability to meet our demand. Any difficulties in locating and hiring third-party suppliers, or in the ability of third-party suppliers to supply quantities of our products at the times and in the quantities we need, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we cannot develop adequate distribution, customer service and technical support networks, then we may not be able to market and distribute the Aquadex FlexFlow system effectively and our sales will suffer.

Our strategy requires us to provide a significant amount of customer service, maintenance, and other technical services to our customers. To provide these services, we have begun, and will need to continue, to develop a network of distribution and a staff of employees and independent contractors in each of the areas in which we intend to operate. We cannot assure that we will be able to organize and manage this network on a cost-effective basis. If we cannot effectively organize and manage this network, then it may be difficult for us to distribute our products and to provide competitive service and support to our customers, in which case customers may be unable, or decide not, to order our products and our sales will suffer.

We compete against many companies, some of which have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do, which may prevent us from achieving further market penetration or improving operating results.

Competition from medical device companies and medical device divisions of health care companies, pharmaceutical companies and gene- and cell-based therapies is intense and expected to increase. The vast majority of patients with fluid overload receive pharmacological treatment (diuretics) as a standard of care. There are no direct competitors for the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the U.S., other than diuretics. Other systems, such as Baxter’s Prismaflex, a filter-based device that is approved for continuous renal replacement therapy for patients weighing 20kg or more with acute renal failure and/or fluid overload, and Medtronic’s Carpediem, a pediatric dialysis machine that has been approved in the European Union, represent indirect competitors, as they can also be used to conduct ultrafiltration.

Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to demonstrate the advantages of ultrafiltration as compared to diuretics, a pharmacological treatment that is currently the standard of care. In addition, we need to distinguish Aquadex FlexFlow system from the indirect competition of other devices that can also be used to conduct ultrafiltration.

The competition for qualified personnel is particularly intense in our industry. If we are unable to retain or hire key personnel, we may not be able to sustain or grow our business.

Our ability to operate successfully and manage our potential future growth depends significantly upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled and qualified research, technical, clinical, regulatory, sales, marketing, managerial and financial personnel. We face intense competition for such personnel, and we may not be able to attract, retain and motivate these individuals. We compete for talent with numerous companies, as well as universities and nonprofit research organizations. Our future success also depends on the personal efforts and abilities of the principal members of our senior management and scientific staff to provide strategic direction, manage our operations

and maintain a cohesive and stable environment. We do not maintain life insurance on the lives of any of the members of our senior management. The loss of key personnel for any reason or our inability to hire, retain and motivate additional qualified personnel in the future could prevent us from sustaining or growing our business.

Significant additional governmental regulation could subject us to unanticipated delays which would adversely affect our sales.

Our business strategy depends in part on our ability to expand the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the market as quickly as possible. To achieve expanded market use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, we may develop enhancements to the system or its components. Depending on their nature, such enhancements may be subject to review by the FDA and regulatory authorities outside of the United States under the applicable regulations. Any regulatory delay in our ability to implement enhancements to the Aquadex FlexFlow system or its components could have an adverse effect on our potential sales.

In addition to potential enhancements to the system or its components, we submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more, in September 2019. Currently, our Aquadex FlexFlow system is not recommended for use in pediatric patients. Therefore, we do not devote commercialization resources toward, nor promote, the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in pediatric patients. However, based on their clinical expertise and medical judgement, physicians are permitted to prescribe the Aquadex FlexFlow system for use in pediatric patients. Because we submitted our application in September 2019, we anticipate receiving clearance from the FDA in early 2020. However, it is possible that the FDA requires additional testing prior to clearance of the modification to our indication for pediatric use or does not clear the modification at all. A failure to obtain the expanded indication could have a negative impact on our potential sales.

Health care laws in the United States and other countries are subject to ongoing changes, including changes to the amount of reimbursement for hospital services. Additional laws and regulations, or changes to existing laws and regulations that are applicable to our business may be enacted or promulgated, and the interpretation, application or enforcement of the existing laws and regulations may change. Legislative proposals can substantially change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers and may negatively impact payment rates for our system. We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, applications or enforcements or the specific effects any of these might have on our business. However, in the United States and international markets, we expect that both government and third-party payers will continue to attempt to contain or reduce the costs of health care by challenging the prices charged, or deny coverage, for health care products and services. Any future laws, regulations, interpretations, applications or enforcements could delay or prevent regulatory approval or clearance of our Aquadex FlexFlow system and our ability to market our Aquadex FlexFlow system. Moreover, changes that result in our failure to comply with the requirements of applicable laws and regulations could result in the types of enforcement actions by the FDA and/or other agencies as described above, all of which could impair our ability to have manufactured and to sell the affected products.

In the United States, the Aquadex FlexFlow products are purchased primarily by customers, such as hospitals or other health care providers. Customers bill various third-party payers for covered Aquadex FlexFlow therapies provided to patients. These payers, which include federal health care programs (e.g., Medicare and Medicaid), state health care programs, private health insurance companies and managed care organizations, then reimburse our customers based on established payment formulas that take into account part or all of the cost associated with these devices and the related procedures performed.

While the agency responsible for administering the Medicare program, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, has not issued a favorable national coverage determination under its Investigational Device Exception Studies Program for ultrafiltration using the Aquadex FlexFlow system, a number of private insurers have approved reimbursement for Aquadex FlexFlow products for specific indications and points of service. In addition, patients and providers may seek insurance coverage on a case-by-case basis. We are exploring the ability to increase the range of coverage for uses of Aquadex FlexFlow therapies, such as use in the outpatient setting and use for decompensated heart failure and other indicated uses under its approved labeling, although we may not be successful in doing so.

Product defects, resulting in lawsuits for product liability, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The design, manufacture and marketing of medical devices involve certain inherent risks. Manufacturing or design defects, unanticipated use of a product or inadequate disclosure of risks relating to the use of the product can

lead to injury or other adverse events. These events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to a product (either voluntary or required by the FDA or similar governmental authorities in other countries), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of a product from the market. Any recall of our Aquadex FlexFlow system or any related components could result in significant costs, as well as negative publicity and damage to our reputation that could reduce demand for our products. Personal injuries relating to the use of our products could also result in product liability claims being brought against us. In some circumstances, such adverse events could also cause delays in new product approvals.

We may be held liable if any product we develop or commercialize causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale or consumer use. The safety studies we must perform, and the regulatory approvals required to commercialize our products, will not protect us from any such liability. We carry product liability insurance with a $6 million aggregate limit. However, if there are product liability claims against us, our insurance may be insufficient to cover the expense of defending against such claims or may be insufficient to pay or settle such claims. Furthermore, we may be unable to obtain adequate product liability insurance coverage for commercial sales of any approved product. If such insurance is insufficient to protect us, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed. If any product liability claim is made against us, our reputation and future sales will be damaged, even if we have adequate insurance coverage. Even if a product liability claim against us is without merit or if we are not found liable for any damages, a product liability claim could result in decreased interest in our registry studies, decreased demand for our system, if approved for commercialization, injury to our reputation, diversion of management’s attention from operating our business, withdrawal of study participants, significant costs of related litigation, loss of revenue or the inability to commercialize our products.

We may face significant risks associated with international operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We market our products globally. Our international operations are subject to a number of risks, including the following: fluctuations in exchange rates of the United States dollar could adversely affect our results of operations, we may face difficulties in enforcing and collecting accounts receivable under some countries’ legal systems, have our products serviced or conduct other operations, political instability could disrupt our operations, some governments and customers may have longer payment cycles, with resulting adverse effects on our cash flow, and some countries could impose additional taxes or restrict the import of our products. In addition, regulations in individual countries or regions may restrict our ability to sell our products. Most countries, including the countries in the European Union (EU), require approval or registration to import and/or sell our products in the country.

In the EU, we are required to hold a Conformité Européene, or CE, Mark to import our product into the EU. To hold the CE Mark, we must demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements of the European Union Medical Devices Directive (93/42/EEC). Recently, the European Union replaced the Medical Devices Directive with the new European Medical Devices Regulation, or MDR. The MDR will apply after a transitional period of three years ending on May 26, 2020. Manufacturers have the duration of the transition period to update their technical documentation and processes to meet the new requirements in order to obtain a CE Mark or to issue a EC Declaration of Conformity. After May 26, 2020, medical devices can still be placed on the market under the provision of the MDD or the Active Implantable Medical Devices Directive (“AIMDD”) 90/385/EEC (hereafter referred to together as “MDD/AIMDD”) until May 27, 2024; provided the CE Mark was issued prior to this date, the manufacturer continues to comply with either one of the directives, and that no significant changes are made in the design and intended purpose of the applicable medical device. By May 27, 2024, all medical devices entering the EU will need to have a new CE Mark under the MDR, even if they have been on the market previously under the MDD/AIMDD

The CE Mark for the Aquadex FlexFlow system had previously expired. We received renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow circuit in the second quarter of 2019 and expect to receive renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow console in the first quarter of 2020. We cannot import addition console inventory into the EU until the CE Mark is received. While we believe that we currently have sufficient inventory of consoles already available for sale in the EU market and the timing of the receipt of the CE Mark will not have a material impact on our revenue, a delay in receipt of the CE Mark could cause a shortage in product availability in the EU.

Any one or more of these factors associated with international operations could increase our costs, reduce our revenues, or disrupt our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to maintain sufficient quality controls, then the approval or clearance of our products by the European Union, the FDA or other relevant authorities could be withdrawn, delayed or denied and our sales will suffer.

Approval or clearance of our products could be withdrawn, delayed or denied by the European Union, the FDA and the relevant authorities of other countries if our manufacturing facilities do not comply with their respective manufacturing requirements. The European Union imposes requirements on quality control systems of manufacturers, which are inspected and certified on a periodic basis and may be subject to additional unannounced inspections. Failure to comply with these requirements could prevent us from marketing our products in the European Community. The FDA also imposes requirements through quality system requirements, or QSR, regulations, which include requirements for good manufacturing practices, or GMP. Failure to comply with these requirements could prevent us from obtaining FDA approval of our products and from marketing such products in the United States. In 2019, our manufacturing facility was inspected by a worldwide testing and certification agency (also referred to as a notified body) that performs conformity assessments to European Union requirements for medical devices. A “notified body” is a group accredited and monitored by governmental agencies that inspects manufacturing facilities and quality control systems at regular intervals and is authorized to carry out unannounced inspections. We cannot be sure that our facilities or the processes we use will continue to comply with their respective requirements on a timely basis or at all, which could delay or prevent our obtaining or maintaining the approvals we need to market our products in the European Community and the United States.

To market our products in the European Community, the United States and other countries, where approved, manufacturers of such products must continue to comply or ensure compliance with the relevant manufacturing requirements. Although we cannot control the manufacturers of our products, if we choose to subcontract manufacturing to a contract manufacturer, we may need to expend time, resources and effort in product manufacturing and quality control to assist with their continued compliance with these requirements. If violations of applicable requirements are noted during periodic inspections of the manufacturing facilities of our manufacturers or we fail to address issues raised by the FDA in these inspections, then we may not be able to continue to market the products manufactured in such facilities and our revenues may be materially adversely affected.

If we violate any provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDC Act”) or any other statutes or regulations, then we could be subject to enforcement actions by the FDA or other governmental agencies.

We face a significant compliance burden under the FDC Act and other applicable statutes and regulations which govern the testing, labeling, storage, record keeping, distribution, sale, marketing, advertising and promotion of our medically approved products.

If we violate the FDC Act or other regulatory requirements at any time during or after the product development and/or approval process, we could be subject to enforcement actions by the FDA or other agencies, including: fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recalls or seizures of products, total or partial suspension of the production of our products, withdrawal of any existing approvals or pre-market clearances of our products, refusal to approve or clear new applications or notices relating to our products, recommendations that we not be allowed to enter into government contracts and criminal prosecution. Any of the above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot assure you that our products will be safe or that there will not be serious injuries or product malfunctions. Further, we are required under applicable law to report any circumstances relating to our medically approved products that could result in deaths or serious injuries. These circumstances could trigger recalls, class action lawsuits and other events that could cause us to incur expenses and may also limit our ability to generate revenues from such products.

We cannot assure you that our products will prove to be safe or that there will not be serious injuries or product malfunctions, which could trigger recalls, class action lawsuits and other events that could cause us to incur significant expenses, limit our ability to market our products and generate revenues from such products or cause us reputational harm.

Under the FDC Act, we are required to submit medical device reports, or MDRs, to the FDA to report device-related deaths, serious injuries and malfunctions of medically approved products that could result in death or serious injury if they were to recur. Depending on their significance, MDRs could trigger events that could cause us to incur expenses and may also limit our ability to generate revenues from such products, such as the following: information contained in the MDRs could trigger FDA regulatory actions such as inspections, recalls and

patient/physician notifications; because the reports are publicly available, MDRs could become the basis for private lawsuits, including class actions; and if we fail to submit a required MDR to the FDA, the FDA could take enforcement action against us.

If any of these events occur, then we could incur significant expenses and it could become more difficult for us to market and sell our products and to generate revenues from sales. Other countries may impose analogous reporting requirements that could cause us to incur expenses and may also limit our ability to generate revenues from sales of our products.

We face significant uncertainty in the industry due to government healthcare reform.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended, (the “Affordable Care Act”) as well as other healthcare reform may have a significant impact on our business. The Affordable Care Act is extremely complex, and, as a result, additional legislation is likely to be considered and enacted over time. The impact of the Affordable Care Act on the health care industry is extensive and includes, among other things, the federal government assuming a larger role in the health care system, expanding healthcare coverage of United States citizens and mandating basic healthcare benefits. The uncertainties regarding the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, including possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act, ongoing legal challenges, and further judicial interpretations, create unpredictability for the health care industry, which itself constitutes a risk.

The Affordable Care Act contains many provisions designed to generate the revenues necessary to fund the coverage expansions and to reduce costs of Medicare and Medicaid, including imposing a 2.3% excise tax on domestic sales of many medical devices by manufacturers that began in 2013. The medical device excise tax has been suspended in 2018 and 2019. If the excise tax is not repealed, we will be subject to this or any future excise tax on our sales of certain medical devices in the U.S. beginning January 1, 2020.

The Affordable Care Act includes a Hospital Readmission Reduction program and is designed to reduce payments to hospitals with excess heart failure readmissions, among other conditions. The penalty to hospitals can be significant, as much as 3% of total Medicare reimbursement. We believe the Aquadex FlexFlow system may offer hospitals an economic benefit for using the device on a regular basis for in-patient or out-patient usage to avoid readmissions for heart failure; however, if the Hospital Readmission Reduction program is repealed, hospitals may not be as inclined to take measures to reduce readmissions.

In addition, any healthcare reforms enacted in the future may, like the Affordable Care Act, be phased in over a number of years, but if enacted, could reduce our revenue, increase our costs, or require us to revise the ways in which we conduct business or put us at risk for loss of business. In addition, our results of operations, financial position and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by changes under the Affordable Care Act and changes under any federal or state legislation adopted in the future.

Moreover, the Physician Payment Sunshine Act (the Sunshine Act), which was enacted as part of the Affordable Care Act, requires applicable medical device companies to track and publicly report, with limited exceptions, all payments and other transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals in the U.S. Implementing regulations for these tracking and reporting obligations were finalized in 2013, and companies have been required to track payments made since August 1, 2013. Effective in 2019, payments to certain nurses, who prescribe treatments, has been added to the list of recipients that companies need to track. If we fail to comply with the data collection and reporting obligations imposed by the Sunshine Act, we may be subject to substantial civil monetary penalties.

We are subject, directly or indirectly, to United States federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse and false claims laws and regulations. Prosecutions under such laws have increased in recent years and we may become subject to such litigation. If we are unable to, or have not fully complied with such laws, we could face substantial penalties.

Our operations are directly, or indirectly through customers, subject to various state and federal fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the stark law and federal False Claims Act. These laws may impact, among other things, our sales, marketing and education programs.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered

business, the statute has been violated. The Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and, despite a series of narrow safe harbors, prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry. Penalties for violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute include criminal penalties and civil sanctions such as fines, imprisonment and possible exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs. Many states have also adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, some of which apply to the referral of patients for healthcare items or services reimbursed by any source, not only the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The physician self-referral laws, commonly referred to as the Stark law, is a strict liability statute that generally prohibits physicians from making referrals for the furnishing of any “designated health services,” for which payment may be made under the Medicare or Medicaid programs, to any entity with which the physician (or an immediate family member) has an ownership interest or compensation arrangement, unless an applicable exception applies. Moreover, many states have adopted or are considering adopting similar laws, some of which extend beyond the scope of the Stark law to prohibit the payment or receipt of remuneration for the prohibited referral of patients for designated healthcare services and physician self-referrals, regardless of the source of the payment for the patient’s care. If it is determined that any of the relationships we may have with physicians violate the Stark law or similar statutes, we could become subject to civil and criminal penalties. The imposition of any such penalties could harm our business.

The federal False Claims Act prohibits persons from knowingly filing, or causing to be filed, a false claim to, or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from the federal government. Suits filed under the False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. The frequency of filing qui tam actions has increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of medical device, pharmaceutical and healthcare companies to have to defend a False Claim Act action. When an entity is determined to have violated the federal False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties for each separate false claim. Various states have also enacted laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act.

We are unable to predict whether we could be subject to actions under any of these laws, or the impact of such actions. If we are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or other applicable state and federal fraud and abuse laws, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from government healthcare reimbursement programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations.

Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year.

Our sales and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year in the future. Our operating results are affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Factors contributing to these fluctuations include the following:

Our sales volumes from quarter to quarter may fluctuate significantly as a result of such ordering practices. Furthermore, from time to time, we offer our disposable blood sets and disposable catheters at a discount to the list price, and our agreements with certain customers may contain volume or other discounts from our normal selling prices and other special pricing considerations.

Discounted pricing can impact our operating results through increasing sales volumes, causing our average selling prices and operating margins to decline and, if we are unable to offset discounts by increasing our sales volume, our net sales could decline. As a result of discounted prices and/or bulk sales orders by our customers, our sales volume may significantly fluctuate quarter to quarter and our sales volume for one quarter may not be indicative of our sales volume for future periods.

Our expense levels are based, in part, on expected future sales. If sales levels in a particular quarter do not meet expectations, we may be unable to adjust operating expenses quickly enough to compensate for the shortfall of sales, and our results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, we have historically made a significant portion of each quarter’s product shipments near the end of the quarter. If that pattern continues, any delays in shipment could have a material adverse effect on results of operations for such quarter.

Due to these and other factors, we believe that quarter to quarter and year to year comparisons of our past operating results may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our results for any quarter or year as an indication of our future performance. Our operating results in future quarters and years may be below expectations, which would likely cause the price of our common stock to fall.

If we acquire other businesses, products or technologies, we could incur additional impairment charges and will be subject to risks that could hurt our business.

We may pursue acquisitions to obtain complementary businesses, products or technologies. Any such acquisition may not produce the revenues, earnings or business synergies that we anticipate and an acquired business, product or technology might not perform as we expect. Our management could spend a significant amount of time, effort and money in identifying, pursuing and completing the acquisition. If we complete an acquisition, we may encounter significant difficulties and incur substantial expenses in integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses, products or technologies into our operations. In particular, we may lose the services of key employees and we may make changes in management that impair the acquired business’s relationships with employees, vendors and customers. Additionally, we may acquire development-stage companies that are not yet profitable and which require continued investment, which could decrease our future earnings or increase our futures losses.

Any of these outcomes could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of an acquisition. To pay for an acquisition, we might use stock or cash. Alternatively, we might borrow money from a bank or other lender. If we use stock, our stockholders would experience dilution of their ownership interests. If we use cash or debt financing, our financial liquidity would be reduced.

As a result of a potential acquisition, we may be required to capitalize a significant amount of intangibles, including goodwill. We would be required to review our definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows derived from such assets. In addition, we would be required to evaluate goodwill for impairment annually, or to the extent events or conditions indicate a risk of possible impairment during the interim periods prior to its annual impairment test. In the year ended December 31, 2017, we recognized impairment charges of $4.0 million related to goodwill and intangible assets from our acquisition of the Aquadex Business. If we were required to recognize impairment charges related to future acquisitions, those charges could decrease our future earnings or increase our future losses.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights effectively, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection in the United States and other countries of the intellectual property relating to or incorporated into our Aquadex FlexFlow system and related components. On August 5, 2016, upon closing of our acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a patent license agreement with Baxter pursuant to which we obtained, for no additional consideration, a world-wide license to 49 exclusively licensed and 9 non-exclusively licensed patents used in connection with the Aquadex FlexFlow

system to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale and import, the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the “field of use” as defined in the license. The license is exclusive, with respect to some patents, and non-exclusive, with respect to other patents. Under the patent license agreement, Baxter has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to continue maintenance of seven “required maintenance patents,” and we have agreed to reimburse Baxter for all fees, costs, and expenses (internal or external) incurred by Baxter in connection with such continued maintenance. The rights granted to us under the patent license agreement will automatically revert to Baxter in the event we cease operation of the Aquadex Business or we file for, or have filed against us, or otherwise undertake any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, or other similar proceeding. We estimate that the patents licensed from Baxter will expire between approximately 2020 and 2025.

We have four patent applications pending with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The first application is based on our design for a wearable device designed to assist in maintaining peripheral venous blood flow access in the arm during aquapheresis treatment. The second application includes multiple potential new features and improvements to the diagnostic and ultrafiltration capabilities of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, which, to the extent incorporated into the product, would be designed to help patient fluid balance and to improve usability for healthcare providers. The third application involves a vacuum pump-controlled garment to increase vein diameter and venous flow for peripheral ultrafiltration. The fourth application involves plasma and blood volume measurement during ultrafiltration therapy.

In addition, as of December 31, 2019, we owned 36 issued patents and two pending patent applications in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions related to our C-Pulse System and had one pending application for neuromodulation. We estimate that most of our currently issued U.S. patents will expire between approximately 2021 and 2027. Given the strategic refocus away from C-Pulse and towards the Aquadex FlexFlow system, we have chosen to limit the maintenance of issued C-Pulse related patents to those innovations that are of the highest value. Further, we have elected to emphasize a few of the most critical jurisdictions rather than maintain the earlier approach that involved multiple countries.

Our pending and future patent applications may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will provide us any financial return. Even if issued, existing or future patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to obtain commercial benefits from them. Changes in patent laws or their interpretation in the United States and other countries could also diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection. In addition, the legal systems of certain countries do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents, and the laws of foreign countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. In order to preserve and enforce our patent and other intellectual property rights, we may need to make claims or file lawsuits against third parties. This can entail significant costs to us and divert our management’s attention from our business.

Intellectual property litigation could be costly and disruptive to us.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies used in our business. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel or require us to pay substantial damages. If we are unsuccessful in defending ourselves against these types of claims, we may be required to do one or more of the following:

In the event a claim against us were successful and we could not obtain a license to the relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or redesign our system to avoid infringement, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be significantly harmed.

If we were unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and system could be adversely affected.

In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes and know-how. We generally seek to protect this information by confidentiality agreements with our employees,

consultants, scientific advisors and third parties. These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. To the extent that our employees, consultants or contractors use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.

Our products could infringe patent rights of others, which may require costly litigation and, if we are not successful, could cause us to pay substantial damages or limit our ability to commercialize our products.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to increase adoption of the Aquadex FlexFlow system without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. As our industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that there may be patents issued to third parties that relate to our system and technologies of which we are not aware or that we must challenge to continue our operations as currently contemplated. Our system may infringe or may be alleged to infringe these patents.

In addition, some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our issued patents or our pending applications or that we were the first to invent the technology. Another party may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering our system or technology similar to ours. Any such patent application may have priority over our patent applications or patents, which could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party has filed a U.S. patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference or derivation proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful if the other party had independently arrived at the same or similar invention prior to our own invention, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions.

We may be subject to claims that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.

As is common in our industry, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other medical device companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although no claims against us are currently pending, we may be subject to claims that these employees, or we, have used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personally identifiable information, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or others. At times we may have access to limited amounts of protected health information as part of other healthcare providers’ provision of treatment to patients with our medical devices. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing on-site systems. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information including research and development information, commercial information, and business and financial information. We face four primary risks relative to protecting this critical information, including: loss of access risk; inappropriate disclosure risk; inappropriate modification risk; and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor our controls over the first three risks.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws and regulations that protect the privacy of personal information and regulatory

penalties. To the extent that we may engage in activities regulated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Clinical and Economic Health Act (HITECH) we may have additional regulatory and reporting obligations. Although we believe we have implemented security measures, there is no guarantee we can protect our systems and data from unauthorized access, loss or dissemination that could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to conduct our analyses, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our products and other patient and physician education and outreach efforts through our website, manage the administrative aspects of our business, and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related, and data protection laws in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain, contradictory, and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this could result in government- imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the United States or in the local country. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders, and such activism could impact the trading value of our securities.

Stockholders may, from time to time, engage in proxy solicitations or advance stockholder proposals, or otherwise attempt to effect changes and assert influence on our board of directors and management. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction or seek changes in the composition of our board of directors could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. A proxy contest would require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees, proxy solicitation expenses and administrative and associated costs and require significant time and attention by our board of directors and management, diverting their attention from the pursuit of our business strategy. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction and control, our ability to execute on our strategy, or changes to the composition of our board of directors or senior management team arising from a proxy contest could lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business or instability which may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, make it more difficult to pursue our strategic initiatives, or limit our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. If individuals are ultimately elected to our board of directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our business strategy and create additional value for our stockholders. We may choose to initiate, or may become subject to, litigation as a result of the proxy contest or matters arising from the proxy contest, which would serve as a further distraction to our board of directors and management and would require us to incur significant additional costs. In addition, actions such as those described above could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based upon temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

Nasdaq may delist our common stock from its exchange which could limit your ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

On December 17, 2019, we received a letter (the “Notice”) from Nasdaq advising that for 30 consecutive trading days preceding the date of the Notice, the bid price of our common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). The Notice has no effect on the listing of our common stock at this time, and our common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CHFS.” Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), if during the 180 calendar day period following the date of the Notice (the “Compliance Period”), the closing bid price of our common stock is at or above $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, we will regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and our common stock will continue to be eligible for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, absent noncompliance with any other requirement for continued listing. If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by the end of the Compliance Period (or the Compliance Period as may be extended) the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

On June 1, 2017, we received a notification from Nasdaq informing us that we were no longer in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, as the bid price of our shares of common stock closed below the minimum $1.00 per share for the 30 consecutive business days prior to the date of the notice. After implementing a 1-for-20 reverse stock split on October 12, 2017, we received confirmation from Nasdaq on October 27, 2017 that we had regained compliance with the minimum bid price rule.

On January 2, 2019, we effected a 1-for-14 reverse split of our outstanding common stock. This reverse stock split did not change the par value of our common stock or the number of common or preferred shares authorized by the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

Additionally, Nasdaq has the authority, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), to delist our common stock if our stockholders’ equity falls below $2.5 million. As of September 30, 2019, our stockholders’ equity was $4.3 million. If our stockholders’ equity is hereafter reduced below $2.5 million as a result of operating losses or for other reasons, we will fail to meet Nasdaq’s stockholders’ equity requirement. If that occurs, or if we are unable to demonstrate to Nasdaq’s satisfaction that we will be able to sustain compliance with this requirement, Nasdaq may delist our common stock. In addition, even if we regain technical compliance with the stockholders’ equity requirement, we will have to continue to meet other objective and subjective listing requirements to continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We are actively monitoring our stockholders’ equity and will consider any and all options available to us to maintain compliance. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to maintain compliance and meet Nasdaq’s minimum stockholders’ equity requirements.

If our common stock is delisted, our common stock would likely then trade only in the over-the-counter market. If our common stock were to trade on the over-the-counter market, selling our common stock could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and we could face significant material adverse consequences, including: a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; reduced liquidity with respect to our securities; a determination that our shares are a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our securities to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; a reduced amount of news and analyst coverage for our Company; and a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our common stock and would substantially impair our ability to raise additional funds and could result in a loss of institutional investor interest and fewer development opportunities for us.

In addition to the foregoing, if our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq and it trades on the over-the-counter market, the application of the “penny stock” rules could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and increase the transaction costs to sell those shares. The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define a “penny stock” as an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq and it trades on the over-the-counter market at a price of less than $5.00 per share, our common stock would be considered a penny stock. The SEC’s penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer must also provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and the salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. In addition, the penny stock rules generally require that before a transaction in a penny stock occurs, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s agreement to the transaction. If applicable in the future, these rules may restrict the ability of brokers-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect the ability of investors to sell their shares, until our common stock no longer is considered a penny stock.

The number of shares of common stock underlying our outstanding warrants and outstanding preferred stock is significant in relation to our currently outstanding common stock. Further, if the effective price per share of common stock in this offering is less than the current conversion price of our Series F Preferred Stock, we will be required to issue additional shares of common stock to the holders of such preferred stock upon conversion thereof. Conversion or exercise of such outstanding convertible securities will cause dilution to holders of our common stock, including investors in this offering, and could cause downward pressure on the market price for our common stock.

The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of our outstanding preferred stock and exercise of outstanding warrants is significant in relation to the number of shares of our common stock currently outstanding.

As of December 31, 2019, we have warrants to purchase 6,948,466 shares of common stock outstanding, with exercise prices ranging from $0.9942 to $43,848.00 with a weighted-average exercise price of $7.06.

Through December 31, 2019, shares of our Series F Preferred Stock have been converted into 53,019 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 535 shares of Series F Preferred Stock outstanding, convertible into an aggregate of 538,210 shares of common stock. The certificate of designation for our Series F Preferred Stock contains an anti-dilution provision, which provision requires the lowering of the applicable conversion price, as then in effect, to the purchase price per share of common stock or common stock equivalents issued in the future. As a result of this obligation, if the public offering price of our common stock in this offering is less than $0.9942, the current conversion price of our Series F Preferred Stock, the conversion price shall be reduced to the effective price per share of common stock in this offering. This reduction in the conversion price will result in a greater number of shares of common stock being issuable upon conversion of the Series F Preferred Stock for no additional consideration, causing greater dilution to our stockholders and investors in this offering. In addition, should we issue any securities following this offering at an effective common stock purchase price that is less than the then effective conversion price of our Series F Preferred Stock, we will be required to further reduce the conversion price of our Series F Preferred Stock, which will result in a greater dilutive effect on our stockholders.

If any security holder determines to sell a substantial number of shares into the market at any given time, there may not be sufficient demand in the market to purchase the shares without a decline in the market price for our common stock. Moreover, continuous sales into the market of a number of shares in excess of the typical trading volume for our common stock could depress the trading market for our common stock over an extended period of time.

In addition, the fact that our stockholders, option holders and warrant holders can sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, could make it more difficult for us to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate, or at all.

The rights of holders of our capital stock will be subject to, and could be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of our outstanding preferred stock and stock that may be issued in the future.

Our board of directors has authority, without further stockholder approval, to issue additional shares of preferred stock with such rights, preferences and privileges as our board may determine. These rights, preferences and privileges may include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights and liquidation rights that may be greater than the rights of our common stock.

Our board of directors has previously approved, pursuant to this authority, the issuance of preferred stock, and we have 535 shares of Series F Preferred Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019. The rights, preferences and privileges of our Series F Preferred Stock are described under “Description of Securities—Description of Capital Stock—Preferred Stock—Outstanding Series F Convertible Preferred Stock”. As described therein, upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, holders of our Series F Preferred Stock have the right to receive, out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Company an amount equal to the par value, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, for each share of such preferred stock held by such holder before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of our common stock, and, following such payment, such holders are entitled to receive the same amount that a holder of common stock would receive if such preferred stock was fully converted, pari passu with all the holders of common stock. Our board of directors may issue additional series of preferred stock. As a result, the rights of holders of our capital stock will be subject to, and could be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any stock that may be issued in the future.

We have a large number of authorized but unissued shares of stock, which could negatively impact a potential investor if they purchased our common stock.

On January 2, 2019, we effected a 1-for-14 reverse split of our outstanding common stock. This reverse stock split did not change the par value of our common stock or the number of common or preferred shares authorized by the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Because the number of authorized shares of our common stock was not reduced proportionately, the reverse stock split increased our board of directors’ ability to issue authorized and unissued shares without further stockholder action. As of December 31, 2019, our certificate of incorporation provides for 100,000,000 shares of authorized common stock and 40,000,000 shares of authorized preferred stock, 30,000 of which are designated Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and 535 of which are designated Series F Preferred Stock and we have 4,674,068 shares of common stock outstanding, 7,892,406 shares reserved for issuance upon the conversion, exercise or vesting of outstanding preferred stock, warrants and options, and 163,563 shares of common stock reserved for future grant under the Company’s equity incentive plans.

With respect to authorized but unissued and unreserved shares, we could also use such shares to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in or removal of management. The issuance of additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into common stock may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and relative voting power and may cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock. We could use the shares that are available for future issuance in dilutive equity financing transactions, or to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in or removal of management, including transactions that are favored by a majority of the stockholders or in which the stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then-current market prices or benefit in some other manner.

The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell the common stock you want or at prices you find attractive.

The price of our common stock constantly changes. The price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including the following:

In addition, stock markets in general, and the market for shares of health care stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years, fluctuations that frequently have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The market price of our common stock could decline below its current price and the market price of our shares may fluctuate significantly in the future. These fluctuations may be unrelated to our performance. We expect that the market price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate.

Our loan agreement subjects us to operating restrictions and financial covenants and may restrict our business and financing activities.

On August 5, 2016, we entered into a loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank for proceeds of up to $5.0 million, including a $1.0 million revolving line of credit and a $4.0 million term loan. The term loan expired unused on November 30, 2016 and the term loan is no longer available to be drawn. Under the revolving line, we may borrow the lesser of $1 million or 80% of our eligible accounts (subject to customary exclusions), minus the outstanding principal balance of any advances under the revolving line. Advances under the revolving line, if any, will accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to 1.75% or 1.0% above the prime rate, depending on liquidity factors. The revolving line of credit expires on March 31, 2020. Advances under the revolving line are subject to various conditions precedent, including our compliance with financial covenants relating to net liquidity relative to monthly cash burn. We have not made borrowings under the Silicon Valley Bank facility since its inception.

Our obligations under the loan agreement are secured by a security interest in our assets, excluding intellectual property and certain other exceptions. We are subject to a negative pledge covenant with respect to our intellectual property. The loan agreement contains customary representations, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants. Among other restrictions, the negative covenants, subject to exceptions, prohibit or limit our ability to: declare dividends or redeem or purchase equity interests; incur additional liens; make loans and investments; incur additional indebtedness; engage in mergers, acquisitions, and asset sales; transact with affiliates; undergo a change in control; add or change business locations; and engage in businesses that are not related to its existing business. These covenants may restrict our ability to finance our operations and to pursue our business activities and strategies. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control.

Our ability to use U.S. net operating loss carryforwards or Australian tax losses might be limited.

As of December 31, 2018, we had U.S. net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $120.1 million for U.S. income tax purposes, which expire from 2024 through 2037. To the extent these NOL carryforwards are available, we intend to use them to reduce any corporate income tax liability associated with our operations that we might have in the future. Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of NOL carryforwards that might be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone significant changes in stock ownership. During 2017, we experienced an ownership change as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code which will limit our ability to utilize the our NOLs.

We may have experienced additional ownership changes further limiting the NOL carryforwards that may be utilized. We have not yet completed a formal Section 382 analysis. As a result, prior or future changes in ownership, including due to this offering, could put limitations on the availability of our NOL carryforwards. In addition, our ability to utilize the current NOL carryforwards might be further limited by future issuances of our common stock.

As of December 31, 2018, we had tax losses in the Commonwealth of Australia of approximately AU$49.0 million. Continuing utilization of carryforward tax losses in Australia may also be affected by the issuance of our common stock. This is because one test for carrying forward tax losses in Australia from year to year requires continuity of ultimate ownership (subject to the relevant tests in Australian tax law) of more than 50% between the loss year and the income year in which the loss is claimed.

To the extent use of our NOL carryforwards or tax losses is limited, our income could be subject to corporate income tax earlier than it would if we were able to use NOL carryforwards and tax losses, which could result in lower profits.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our products and business. Accordingly, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investments unless the trading price of our common stock appreciates.

We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a U.S. reporting company.

In connection with the effectiveness of our registration statement on Form 10, as of February 14, 2012, we became subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. Although we were previously listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and had been required to file financial information and make certain other filings

with the Australian Securities Exchange, our status as a U.S. reporting company under the Exchange Act has caused us, and will continue to cause us, to incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur, including costs related to compliance with the requirements of SOX and the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market. We expect these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly, and these activities may increase general and administrative expenses and divert management’s time and attention away from revenue-generating activities. Furthermore, now that we are a revenue-generating company following the acquisition of the Aquadex Business in August 2016, our costs to comply with regulations applicable to U.S. reporting companies may further increase. We also expect these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers.

Investors could lose confidence in our financial reports, and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected, if our internal controls over financial reporting are found not to be effective by management or by an independent registered public accounting firm or if we make disclosure of existing or potential material weaknesses in those controls.

As long as our public float remains below $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, we are exempt from the attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent auditors pursuant to section 404 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 but are required to make our own internal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

We continue to evaluate our existing internal controls over financial reporting. During the course of our ongoing evaluation of the internal controls, we may identify areas requiring improvement and may have to design enhanced processes and controls to address issues identified through this review. Remediating any deficiencies, significant deficiencies or material weaknesses that we or our independent registered public accounting firm may identify may require us to incur significant costs and expend significant time and management resources. We cannot assure you that any of the measures we implement to remedy any such deficiencies will effectively mitigate or remedy such deficiencies. The existence of one or more material weaknesses could affect the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting. It may be more difficult for us to manage our internal control over financial reporting following our acquisition of the Aquadex Business now that we are a revenue generating company. Investors could lose confidence in our financial reports, and the value of our common stock may be harmed, if our internal controls over financial reporting are found not to be effective by management or by our independent registered public accounting firm or if we make disclosure of existing or potential material weaknesses in those controls.

Our Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision does not preclude or contract the scope of exclusive federal or concurrent jurisdiction for any actions brought under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. Accordingly, our exclusive forum provision will not relieve us of our duties to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with these laws, rules and regulations.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions. These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.

If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs

associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as certain provisions of the DGCL, may delay or deter a change in control transaction.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of deterring takeovers, such as those provisions authorizing our board of directors to issue, from time to time, any series of preferred stock and fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of such series of preferred stock; prohibiting stockholders from acting by written consent in lieu of a meeting; requiring advance notice of stockholder intention to put forth director nominees or bring up other business at a stockholders’ meeting; prohibiting stockholders from calling a special meeting of stockholders; requiring a 66 2⁄3% majority stockholder approval in order for stockholders to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or adopt new bylaws; providing that, subject to the rights of preferred shares, the directors will be divided into three classes and the number of directors is to be fixed exclusively by our board of directors; and providing that none of our directors may be removed without cause. Section 203 of the DGCL, from which we did not elect to opt out, provides that if a holder acquires 15% or more of our stock without prior approval of our board of directors, that holder will be subject to certain restrictions on its ability to acquire us within three years. These provisions may delay or deter a change in control of us, and could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

We are a “smaller reporting company” under federal securities laws and we cannot be certain whether the reduced reporting requirements applicable to such companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company” under federal securities laws. For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company so long as our public float remains less than $250 million as of the last business day of our most recently-completed second fiscal quarter. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may decline or be more volatile.

Stockholder litigation could divert the attention of management from the day-to-day operation of our business or result in us incurring substantial costs and liabilities.

We cannot be sure that our stockholders will not initiate securities litigation against us in the future. If securities or stockholder derivative litigation were to be commenced against us, our defense of such litigation could divert the attention of management from the day-to-day operation of our business or result in us incurring substantial costs and liabilities, irrespective of the merits of the litigation.

Risks Relating to this Offering

Because our management will have broad discretion and flexibility in how the net proceeds from this offering are used, our management may use the net proceeds in ways with which you disagree or which may not prove effective.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as discussed under “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus. We have not allocated specific amounts of the net proceeds from this offering for any of the foregoing purposes. Accordingly, our management will have significant discretion and flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering. You will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the net proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. The failure of our management to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

The Series H Preferred Stock and the warrants are unlisted securities and there is no public market for them.

There is no established public trading market for the Series H Preferred Stock or the warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, neither the Series H Preferred Stock nor the warrants are listed, and we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series H Preferred Stock or the warrants on any securities exchange or trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Series H Preferred Stock and the warrants is limited, and investors may be unable to liquidate their investments in the Series H Preferred Stock or the warrants.

The value of our Series H Preferred Stock is directly tied to the value of our common stock, and any change in the value of our common stock will be reflected in the value of our Series H Preferred Stock.

There is no established public trading market for the Series H Preferred Stock, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Series H Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system. As a result, because each share of Series H Preferred Stock is initially convertible into one share of common stock, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations, we expect the value of the Series H Preferred Stock to have a value directly tied to the value of our common stock. Accordingly, any change in the trading price of our common stock will be reflected in the value of our Series H Preferred Stock, and the price of our common stock may be volatile as described above.

The warrants may not have any value.

The warrants will be exercisable for five years from the closing date at an initial exercise price of $[   ] per share. In the event that the price of a share of our common stock does not exceed the exercise price of the warrants during the period when the warrants are exercisable, the warrants may not have any value.

The warrants purchased in this offering do not entitle the holder to any rights as common stockholders until the holder exercises the warrant for shares of our common stock.

Until you acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of your warrants purchased in this offering, such warrants will not provide you any rights as a common stockholder, except as set forth in the warrants. Upon exercise of your warrants purchased in this offering, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs on or after the exercise date.

Purchasers in this offering may experience additional dilution of their investment in the future.

Subject to lock-up provisions described under “Underwriting,” we are generally not restricted from issuing additional securities, including shares of common stock, securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or substantially similar securities. The issuance of securities may cause further dilution to our stockholders, including investors in this offering. In order to raise additional capital, such securities may be at prices that are not the same as the price per share in this offering. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders, including investors who purchase securities in this offering. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering. The exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants and the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units may also result in further dilution of your investment.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but are not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend” and similar words or phrases. Accordingly, these statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this prospectus, and in particular those factors included in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

Because the factors referred to in the preceding paragraph could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements we make, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

You should carefully read this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus and with the understanding that our actual future results may materially differ from what we expect.

Except as required by law, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus in this offering will be approximately $6.2 million (or $7.2 million if the underwriters fully exercise their overallotment option) after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including for continued investments in our commercialization efforts. We may use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisitions of businesses, products, technologies or licenses that are complementary to our business, although we have no present commitments or agreements to do so.

The allocation of the net proceeds of the offering set forth above represents our estimates based upon our current plans and assumptions regarding industry and general economic conditions, our future revenues and expenditures.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly and will depend on numerous factors, including market conditions, cash generated or used by our operations, business developments and opportunities that may arise and related rate of growth. We may find it necessary or advisable to use portions of the proceeds from this offering for other purposes.

Circumstances that may give rise to a change in the use of proceeds and the alternate purposes for which the proceeds may be used include:

From time to time, we evaluate these factors and other factors and we anticipate continuing to make such evaluations to determine if the existing allocation of resources, including the proceeds of this offering, is being optimized. Pending the application of the net proceeds as described above, we will hold the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, securities.

We believe that the net proceeds of this offering, together with cash on hand, will be sufficient to fund our operations through 2020, and we believe that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations thereafter if warrant exercises for cash do not materialize. Additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants or additional security interests in our assets. Any additional debt or equity financing that we complete may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If we are unable to raise adequate funds, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate some or all of, our development programs or liquidate some or all of our assets.

MARKET INFORMATION AND DIVIDEND POLICY

Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CHFS.” See “Prospectus Summary— Recent Developments” in this prospectus for important information about the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Neither the Series H Preferred Stock nor the warrants will be traded on a national securities exchange.

As of December 31, 2019, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.86.

As of December 31, 2019, there were approximately 21 stockholders of record for our common stock. A substantially greater number of stockholders may be “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

We have not historically paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion and growth of our business, and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our capital stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, pursuant to our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends without the prior consent of Silicon Valley Bank. Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our operating subsidiaries, covenants associated with any debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Moreover, if we determine to pay any dividends in the future, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay such dividends.

Our transfer agent is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC, 6201 15^th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219; Telephone: 800-937-5449.

The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2019 concerning our equity compensation plans:

Each of the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2013 Directors’ Plan contains an “evergreen” provision, pursuant to which the number of shares available for issuance under the plan automatically adjusts by a percentage of the number of fully diluted shares outstanding. Specifically, pursuant to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, the share reserve under the plan will automatically increase on January 1^st of each year, for a period of not more than ten years, commencing on January 1, 2018 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2027, to an amount equal to 13% of the fully diluted shares outstanding on December 31^st of the preceding calendar year; provided that the board of directors may act prior to January 1^st of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1^st increase in the share reserve for such year or that the increase in the share reserve for such year will be a lesser number of shares than would otherwise occur. Pursuant to the 2013 Directors’ Plan, the share reserve under the plan will automatically increase on January 1^st of each year, for a period of not more than ten years, commencing on January 1, 2014 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2023, by an amount equal to 2% of the fully diluted shares outstanding on December 31^st of the preceding calendar year; provided that the board of directors may act prior to January 1^st of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1^st increase in the share reserve for such year or that the increase in the share reserve for such year will be a lesser number of shares than would otherwise occur.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our actual cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of September 30, 2019 and on an adjusted basis to give effect to the sale of the securities offered hereby and the use of proceeds, as described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.”

You should read this information in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in this prospectus. The information provided below has been adjusted to reflect our 1-for-14 reverse stock split that was effected after trading on January 2, 2019. The information below has also been adjusted to reflect (i) the effect of our registered direct offerings and private placements on October 25, 2019 and November 6, 2019 and (ii) the effect of this current offering.

The pro forma information set forth in the table below is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The as adjusted column reflects our registered direct offerings and private placements in October and November of 2019 and the pro forma as adjusted column above reflects our sale of Series H Preferred Stock, common stock and warrants in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $0.86, the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2019, per Class A Unit and an assumed public offering price of $0.86 per Class B Unit. The above discussion and table are based on 2,879,162 shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and excludes:

is lower than $5.25, the conversion price of the Series F Preferred Stock on September 30, 2019, as a result of the reduction of such conversion price to the per share price in this offering due to the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection in the certificate of designation for the Series F Preferred Stock (assuming a per share price of $0.86, the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2019); and

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

OVERVIEW

About CHF Solutions

We are a medical device company dedicated to changing the lives of patients suffering from fluid overload through science, collaboration, and innovative technology. The company is focused on developing, manufacturing, and commercializing the Aquadex FlexFlow® system for ultrafiltration therapy. Aquadex FlexFlow system is indicated for temporary (up to eight hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and extended (longer than 8 hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and require hospitalization. In the United States, we hold 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market and sell the Aquadex FlexFlow system to adults. We have submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more, which we expect to receive in early 2020. In the European Union (“EU”), we are required to hold a CE Mark to import our product into the EU. The CE Mark for the Aquadex FlexFlow system had previously expired. We received renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow circuit in the second quarter of 2019 and expect to receive renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow console in the first quarter of 2020, which would allow us to import additional console inventory into the EU. We believe that we currently have sufficient inventory of consoles already available for sale in the EU market and the timing of the receipt of the CE Mark for the console will not have a material impact on our revenue.

Previously, the Company was focused on developing the C-Pulse® Heart Assist System for treatment of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure. In August 2016, the Company acquired the Aquadex Business from a subsidiary of Baxter

Recent Developments

Preliminary Q4 and Year 2019 Revenue Results and Cash Position (unaudited)

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we generated estimated revenue of $1.367 million, a 9.4% increase over the quarter ended September 30, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we generated estimated revenue of $5.508 million, a 10.2% increase over the year ended December 31, 2018. In the fourth quarter, our cash utilization was $4.1 million and as of December 31, 2019, our cash balance was $1.3 million.

Nasdaq Notice

On December 17, 2019, we received a letter (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) advising that for 30 consecutive trading days preceding the date of the Notice, the bid price of our common stock had closed below the $1.00 per share minimum required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). The Notice has no effect on the listing of our common stock at this time, and our common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CHFS.” Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), if during the 180 calendar day period following the date of the Notice (the “Compliance Period”), the closing bid price of our common stock is at or above $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, we will regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and our common stock will continue to be eligible for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, absent noncompliance with any other requirement for continued listing. If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by the end of the Compliance Period (or the Compliance Period as may be extended) the Company’s common stock will be subject to delisting. We intend to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock and may, if appropriate, consider implementing available options to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

Pediatrics

On September 30, 2019, the Company submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more. Currently, our Aquadex FlexFlow system is not recommended for use in pediatric patients. Therefore, we do not devote commercialization

resources toward, nor promote, the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in pediatric patients. However, based on their clinical expertise and medical judgement, physicians are permitted to prescribe the Aquadex FlexFlow system for use in pediatric patients. We believe that Aquadex FlexFlow system is currently being prescribed by physicians to treat various conditions in pediatric patients, including heart failure, cardiac surgery⁹, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy¹⁰, solid organ transplantation¹¹, and kidney replacement therapy for neonatal patients. If we receive FDA clearance for an update to the product label, we intend to expand our commercialization efforts to include promotion to physicians and hospitals who treat this pediatric population. Subject to FDA review, the Company expects clearance for this pediatric population in early 2020.

Public Offerings

On October 25, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of 575,830 shares of common stock at a price of $1.15 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $660,000, prior to deducting commissions and expenses related to the transaction. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering unregistered warrants to purchase up to 575,830 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.41 per share, which will be exercisable six months from the date of issuance, and will expire five years from the initial exercise date.

Additionally, our outstanding Series F preferred stock is subject to full-ratchet anti-dilution protection in the event we sell any common stock at a price lower than the then-conversion price of the Series F preferred stock. As a result of this offering, effective October 25, 2019, the conversion price of the Series F preferred stock was reduced from $5.25 to $1.15 per share, the per share price to the public in this transaction.

On November 6, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of 1,219,076 shares of common stock, or common equivalents, at a price of $1.12 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $1.36 million prior to deduction of commissions and offering expenses related to the transaction. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,219,076 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.9942 per share, which will be exercisable upon the date of issuance, and will expire five years from the initial exercise date. Effective November 6, 2019, the conversion price of the Series F preferred stock was reduced from $1.15 to $0.9942, the exercise price of the warrants issued in connection with this financing.

On March 12, 2019, we closed on an underwritten public offering of 455,178 shares of common stock, approximately 1.9 million shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, and warrants to purchase approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock, which includes the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option, for gross proceeds of $12.4 million. Net proceeds totaled approximately $11.0 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering.

The unregistered warrants issued in each offering were subsequently registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 that was declared effective by the SEC on December 30, 2019.

Reverse Stock Split

On January 2, 2019, we effected a 1-for-14 reverse split of our outstanding common stock. This reverse stock split did not change the par value of our common stock or the number of common or preferred shares authorized by the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have adopted various accounting policies to prepare the condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. (U.S. GAAP). Our most significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements, in conformity with U.S. GAAP, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial

statements and accompanying notes. Our estimates and assumptions, including those related to stock-based compensation, valuation of equity and debt securities, and income tax reserves are updated as appropriate, which in most cases is quarterly. We base our estimates on historical experience, valuations, or various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted effective January 1, 2018. Accordingly, we recognize revenue when our customers obtain control of its products or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods and services. See Notes 1 and 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, three customers represented 11%, 12% and 12% of net sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, one customer represented 10% of net sales. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, two customers represented 15% and 10% of net sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, one customer represented 10% of net sales.

Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable are unsecured, recorded at net realizable value, and do not bear interest. The Company makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables based upon significant patterns of collectability, historical experience, and managements’ evaluation of specific accounts and will provide an allowance for credit losses when collection becomes doubtful. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition on an as-needed basis. Payment is generally due 30 days from the invoice date and accounts past 30 days are individually analyzed for collectability. When all collection efforts have been exhausted, the account is written off against the related allowance. To date the Company has not experienced any write-offs or significant deterioration of the aging of its accounts receivable, and therefore, no allowance for doubtful accounts was considered necessary as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, two customers represented 14% and 12% of the accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2018, three customers represented 18%, 13% and 13% of the accounts receivable balance.

Inventories: Inventories consist of finished goods, raw materials and subassemblies and are recorded as the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first out method. Overhead is allocated to manufactured finished goods inventory based on the normal capacity of the Company’s production facilities. Abnormal amounts of overhead, if any, are expensed as incurred. Inventories consisted of the following:

Contingent consideration: In connection with the purchase of the Aquadex Business, we had an obligation to pay additional consideration that was contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events. See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) included in this prospectus. Contingent consideration was recognized at the acquisition date at $126,000, the estimated fair value of the contingent milestone payments. The fair value of the contingent consideration was remeasured to its estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period, with changes recorded to earnings. As of September 30, 2019, this contingency had expired, therefore its fair value was $0.

Stock-Based Compensation: We recognize all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of stock options, warrants and common stock awards in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss as an operating expense based on their fair values as established at the grant date. Equity instruments issued to non-employees include common stock awards or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. These common stock awards or warrants are either fully-vested and exercisable at the date of grant or vest over a certain period during which services are provided. We expense the fair market value of fully vested awards at the time of grant, and of unvested awards over the period in which the related services are received. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update 2018-07, unvested awards are no longer remeasured to fair value until vesting and rather the fair value is established at the grant date consistent with the treatment of employee director awards.

We compute the estimated fair values of stock options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and market-based warrants using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Market price at the date of grant is used to calculate the fair value of restricted stock units and common stock awards.

Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures except for market-based warrants which are expensed based on the grant date fair value regardless of whether the award vests. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Loss per share: We compute basic loss per share based on the net loss allocable to common stockholders for each period divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The net loss allocable to common stockholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, reflects a $4.5 million increase for the net deemed dividend to preferred stockholders provided in connection with the close of the March 2019 public offering, representing the intrinsic value of the preferred shares at the time of issuance. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the net loss allocable to common stockholders for each period divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, increased by the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding had the potentially dilutive common shares been issued, and reduced by the number of shares the Company could have repurchased from the proceeds from issuance of the potentially dilutive shares. Potentially dilutive shares of common stock include warrants, stock options and other stock-based awards granted under stock-based compensation plans. These potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of loss per share as their effect was antidilutive due to our net loss in each of those periods.

The following table sets forth the potential shares of common stock that are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive as of the end of each period presented:

The following table reconciles reported net loss with reported net loss per share for the periods ended September 30, 2019:

Going Concern: Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we continue as a going concern. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and through September 30, 2019, we incurred losses from operations and net cash outflows from operating activities as disclosed in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $213.1 million and we expect to incur losses for the immediate future. To date, we have been funded primarily by various debt and equity financings, and although we believe that we will be able to successfully fund our operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so or that we will ever operate profitably. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern through the next twelve months.

We became a revenue generating company only after acquiring the Aquadex Business in August 2016. We expect to incur additional losses in the near-term as we grow the Aquadex Business, including investments in expanding our sales and marketing capabilities, purchasing inventory, manufacturing components, and complying with the requirements related to being a U.S. public company. To become and remain profitable, we must succeed

in expanding the adoption and market acceptance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. This will require us to succeed in training personnel at hospitals and in effectively and efficiently manufacturing, marketing and distributing the Aquadex FlexFlow system and related components. There can be no assurance that we will succeed in these activities, and we may never generate revenues sufficient to achieve profitability.

During 2017, 2018 and through November 6, 2019, we closed on registered direct and underwritten public equity offerings for net proceeds of approximately $41.4 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering. We will be required to seek additional funding to grow our Aquadex Business, which may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. We may receive those funds from the proceeds from future warrant exercises, issuances of equity securities, or other financing transactions. Should warrant exercises not materialize or future capital raising be unsuccessful, we may not be able to continue as a going concern. We have made no adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we not continue as a going concern.

Internal Controls and Procedures

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and will not be required to do so for as long as our public float remains below $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. However, management is subject to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is required to report annually on effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, August 2015, March 2016, April 2016 and May 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. We adopted this new standard on January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective approach. There were no impacts to the amount or timing of revenue that we had recognized in prior periods. For additional accounting policy and transition disclosures, see Note 2 – Revenue Recognition to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is to be applied on a prospective basis effective for our interim and annual periods beginning after January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We adopted this guidance in 2017, and recognized $0.2 million of impairment losses related to our goodwill.

In February 2016, FASB issued updated guidance to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. This guidance required organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. The original guidance required application on a modified retrospective basis with the earliest period presented. In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance which included an option to not restate comparative periods in transition. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2019 with no retrospective adjustments to prior comparative periods. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019 resulted in an increase of approximately $0.6 million in the Company’s other long-term assets and in short and long-term liabilities recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard which allowed it to carry forward the historical lease classification. For additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures, see Note 7 - Operating Leases to the consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

In August 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance to improve and simplify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements for level 3 assets and liabilities valued at fair value. The Company early-adopted the guidance effective in its second quarter and the effect on the consolidated financial statements was not material.

Financial Overview

We are a medical device company focused on developing, manufacturing and commercializing the Aquadex system for ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy. Activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital, performing research and development and conducting preclinical and clinical studies. During 2016, we acquired the Aquadex Business and announced that we were halting all clinical evaluations of our prior technology, the C-Pulse System. Since then, our activities have consisted mainly of expanding our sales and marketing capabilities and transferring manufacturing capabilities from Baxter to our facilities in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $213.1 million and we expect to incur losses for the immediate future. To date, we have been funded by public and private equity financings and debt. Although we believe that we will be able to successfully fund our operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so or that we will ever operate profitably.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Net Sales
(in thousands)

Revenue is generated mainly from the sale of disposable blood filters and catheters used in conjunction with the Aquadex FlexFlow consoles. We sell primarily in the United States to hospitals and clinics through our direct salesforce. We sell outside of the United States to independent specialty distributors who in turn sell to hospitals and clinics in their geographic regions. The decrease in net sales compared to the same period of 2018 is driven by a reorganization of our salesforce to best align experiences and competencies with our go-to market strategy around cardiac surgery and eventually pediatrics.

Costs and Expenses

Our costs and expenses were as follows:

Cost of Goods Sold

In connection with the acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with Baxter. In 2017, we provided notice to Baxter to cease the manufacturing of the Aquadex product line and we began transitioning activities in house. In August 2018, we announced that the transfer of all manufacturing activities was complete.

Cost of sales in 2018 reflects the agreed-upon price paid to Baxter for the manufacturing of the disposables and consoles, as well as startup costs associated with the transfer of manufacturing activities to our facilities in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. In the first quarter of 2019, we began selling our internally manufactured inventory, driving the improvement in our gross margins. In future quarters, we expect our gross margins will continue to improve as volumes increase and we achieve larger efficiencies of scale.

Selling, General and Administrative

The increase in selling, general and administrative expense reflect primarily on-going investment in our commercial organization as we continue to expand our outreach in the field with incremental clinical specialists and marketing support. Our general and administrative costs have remained consistent with the prior year.

As we realign and grow our distribution footprint, we expect that our selling expenses will increase modestly in future quarters, and that general and administrative expenses will remain consistent to the current quarter.

Research and Development

The increase in research and development expenses relate to investments we are making to support our 510(k) submission for pediatric label modification, and to improve the functionality of our Aquadex system, including console software updates and catheter improvements. We expect that our research and development expenditures will decrease modestly in future quarters.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Net Sales
(dollars in thousands)

Revenue is generated mainly from the sale of disposable blood filters and catheters used in conjunction with our Aquadex FlexFlow consoles. We sell primarily in the United States to hospitals and clinics through our direct salesforce. We sell outside of the United States to independent specialty distributors who in turn sell to hospitals and clinics in their geographic regions. The change in net sales compared to the same period of 2018 is driven by the execution of our commercialization strategy which includes continued expansion of our commercial footprint by the hiring of new sales representatives, clinical specialists, and marketing personnel. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we announced a reorganization of our sales force to best align experiences and competencies with our go-to market strategy around cardiac surgery and eventually pediatrics.

Costs and Expenses

Our costs and expenses were as follows:

Cost of Goods Sold

In connection with the acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with Baxter. We provided notice to Baxter to cease the manufacturing of the Aquadex product line in 2017, and we began transitioning activities in house. In August 2018, we announced that the transfer of all manufacturing activities was complete.

Cost of sales in 2018 reflects the agreed-upon price paid to Baxter for the manufacturing of the disposables and consoles, as well as startup costs associated with the transfer of manufacturing activities to our facilities in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. In the first quarter of 2019, we began selling our internally manufactured inventory, driving the improvement in our gross margins. In future quarters, we expect our gross margins will continue to improve as volumes increase and we achieve larger efficiencies of scale.

Selling, General and Administrative

The increase in selling, general and administrative expense reflect primarily on-going investment in our commercial organization as we continue to expand our outreach in the field with incremental sales specialists, clinical specialists and marketing support. Our general and administrative costs have remained consistent to the prior year.

As we continue to increase our distribution footprint, we expect that our selling expenses will continue to increase modestly in future quarters, and that general and administrative expenses will remain consistent to the current quarter.

Research and Development

The increase in research and development expenses relate to investments we are making to support our 510(k) submission for pediatric label modification, and to improve the functionality of our Aquadex system, including console software updates and catheter improvements. We expect that our research and development expenditures will decrease modestly in future quarters.

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2018 to Year Ended December 31, 2017

Net Sales
(dollars in thousands)

Revenue is generated mainly from the sale of disposable blood filters and catheters used in conjunction with our Aquadex FlexFlow consoles. We had no commercial sales prior to the acquisition of the Aquadex Business, which we acquired from Baxter on August 5, 2016.

We sell primarily in the United States to hospitals and clinics through our direct salesforce. We sell outside the United States to independent specialty distributors who in turn sell to hospitals and clinics in their geographic regions. The increase in sales is driven by execution of our commercialization strategy which includes continued expansion of our commercial footprint by the hiring of new sales representatives, clinical education specialists, and marketing personnel.

Costs and Expenses

Our costs and expenses were as follows:

Cost of Goods Sold

In connection with the acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a manufacturing and supply agreement with Baxter. Cost of sales reflects the agreed-upon price paid to Baxter for the manufacturing of the disposables and consoles, as well as startup costs associated with the transfer of manufacturing activities to our facilities in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.

We provided notice to Baxter to cease the manufacturing of the Aquadex FlexFlow system as of June 30, 2017, and we began transitioning activities in house. As part of the manufacturing transition, we agreed to continue to purchase inventory from Baxter through February 1, 2018. We began manufacturing our products in house in the fourth quarter of 2017, and in August 2018, we announced that the transfer of all manufacturing activities was complete.

Cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, include startup costs for the planning and preparation associated with the transfer of these manufacturing activities to our facilities in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. In 2019, we expect our gross margins to improve as we transition to selling internally manufactured inventory, and as volumes increase and we achieve larger efficiencies of scale.

Selling, General and Administrative

The increase in selling, general and administrative expense reflect primarily the investments made in our commercial organization to expand our outreach in the field with incremental sales specialists, clinical specialists and marketing support. Our general and administrative costs have remained consistent to the prior year. The increase also reflects incremental non-cash stock option expense totaling $1.5 million.

We expect investments in our commercial organization to increase modestly in 2019 as new investments level off and we seek productivity gains from the investments made in 2018. We expect 2019 general and administrative expenses to remain consistent with 2018 levels.

Research and Development

The increase in research and development expenses relate to investments we are making to improve the functionality of our Aquadex FlexFlow system, including console software updates and catheter improvements. We expect that our research and development expenditures will increase modestly in future quarters as we continue to make improvements to our offerings.

Goodwill and Intangibles Impairment

Impairment charges include $3.8 million related to our identifiable intangible assets, including customer relationships, developed technology, and trademarks and tradenames, as well as $0.2 million related to goodwill. As of December 31, 2017, all intangibles and goodwill were fully impaired.

Other Income (Expense)

The following is a summary of other income (expense)

Change in fair value of warrant liability

The gain recognized for the change in fair value of warrant liability relates to the decrease in value of the warrants issued in connection with financings completed on July 26, 2016, November 3, 2016, and January 10, 2017. These warrants were classified as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 and were required to be marked to market at each reporting period, with the changes in fair value recorded on our consolidated statement of operations. All of the warrants issued as part of those financings were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2017 pursuant to the warrant exercise agreement described in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, we remeasured each of these warrants as of the date of exercise and recorded $1.5 million as an unrealized gain on our statement of operations. Although we issued replacement warrants under the warrant exercise agreement, those warrants are not accounted for as liabilities based on their terms.

Income tax expense

We have not recognized any income tax benefit in our statement of operations related to our U.S. operating losses, as all tax benefits are fully reserved. We generate minimal amounts of income tax expense in connection with activities incurred by our Irish subsidiary.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

We have funded our operations primarily through cash on hand and a series of equity and debt issuances.

On July 26, 2016, pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated July 20, 2016, we completed an equity financing with an institutional investor of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants for gross cash proceeds of approximately $3.5 million in a registered direct offering and simultaneous private placement. Also, on October 30, 2016, we entered into securities purchase agreement with an institutional investor pursuant to which we agreed to issue shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants with an aggregate purchase price of $3.8 million in a registered direct offering and simultaneous private placement. The first closing occurred on

November 3, 2016, whereby we received $3.6 million in gross proceeds and issued and sold shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants. At the second closing in January 2017, which was subject to receipt of shareholder approval of the transactions, we received $0.2 million in gross proceeds and issued and sold shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants.

In February 2017, we entered into an agreement with the holder of the majority of our outstanding warrants to incent their exercise of warrants for cash on or before March 31, 2017. In exchange for any such exercise, we agreed to provide the investors a replacement warrant to purchase the same number of shares of common stock as were issued upon exercise of each exercised warrants with an exercise price equal to the consolidated closing bid price of our common stock on the date of issuance. In connection with this agreement, the investors exercised all of the original warrants for gross cash proceeds to us of $2.0 million, and we issued 3,105 replacement warrants with exercise prices ranging from $484.4 per share to $1,397.2 per share.

On April 24, 2017, we closed on an underwritten public offering for net proceeds of approximately $8.0 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering, which included the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option to purchase additional shares and warrants. In connection with this offering, we issued a total of 10,000 shares of common stock, 6,400 shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (which were convertible into 22,858 shares of common stock) and warrants to purchase 32,165 shares of common stock.

On November 27, 2017, we closed on another underwritten public offering for net proceeds of approximately $16.2 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering. In connection with this offering we issued 18,000 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred stock (which were convertible into 286,715 shares of common stock) and warrants to purchase approximately 573,310 shares of common stock.

On July 3, 2018, we closed on an underwritten public offering of 181,941 shares of common stock, for gross proceeds of $5.4 million. Net proceeds totaled approximately $4.6 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering. See Note 4 – Equity, to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) included in this prospectus.

On March 12, 2019, we closed on an underwritten public offering for net proceeds totaling approximately $11.0 million after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs associated with the offering, which included the full exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option to purchase additional shares and warrants. In connection with this offering, we issued a total of 455,178 shares of common stock, approximately 1.9 million shares of Series G convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase approximately 4.7 million shares of common stock. See Note 4 – Equity, to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) included in this prospectus.

On October 25, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of common stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $660,000, prior to deducting commissions and expenses related to the transaction. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering unregistered warrants to purchase up to 575,830 shares of our common stock. See Note 10 – Subsequent Events, to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus.

On November 6, 2019, we closed on a registered direct offering of 1,219,076 shares of common stock, or common equivalents, at a price of $1.12 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $1.36 million prior to deduction of commissions and offering expenses related to the transaction. In a concurrent private placement, we agreed to issue to the investors in the registered direct offering unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,219,076 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.9942 per share, which will be exercisable upon the date of issuance, and will expire five years from the initial exercise date. Effective November 6, 2019, the conversion price of the Series F preferred stock was reduced from $1.15 to $0.9942, the exercise price of the warrants issued in connection with this financing.

On August 5, 2016, we entered into a loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank for proceeds of up to $5.0 million, including a $1.0 million revolving line of credit and a $4.0 million term loan. The term loan expired unused on November 30, 2016 and the term loan is no longer available to be drawn. Under the revolving line, we may borrow the lesser of $1 million or 80% of our eligible accounts (subject to customary exclusions), minus the outstanding principal balance of any advances under the revolving line. Advances under the revolving line, if any,

will accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to 1.75% or 1.0% above the prime rate, depending on liquidity factors. The loan agreement contains customary representations, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants. Our obligations under the new loan agreement are secured by a security interest in our assets, excluding intellectual property and certain other exceptions. We are subject to a negative pledge covenant with respect to our intellectual property. Advances under the revolving line are subject to various conditions precedent, including our compliance with financial covenants relating to net liquidity relative to monthly cash burn. The revolving line of credit expires on March 31, 2020. We had no borrowings outstanding under the Silicon Valley Bank facility as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents were $3.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively. Prior to our acquisition of the Aquadex Business in August 2016, we did not have a product approved for commercial sale and focused our resources on developing, manufacturing, and commercializing our C-Pulse System. Our business strategy and ability to fund our operations in the future depends in part on our ability to grow our Aquadex Business by establishing a sales force, selling our products to hospitals and other healthcare facilities and controlling costs. We believe we will need to seek financing in the future.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.3 million and $11.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net cash used in each of these periods primarily reflects the net loss for those periods, offset in part by stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $464,000 and $177,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. The majority of cash used in investing activities was for internally manufactured equipment, and the purchase of manufacturing, laboratory and office equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

As described above, net cash provided by financing activities was $11.0 million and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

Capital Resource Requirements

As of September 30, 2019, we did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

On August 5, 2016, we entered into an asset purchase agreement for the Aquadex Business with Baxter, whereby we agreed that, if we dispose of any of the acquired assets for a price that exceeds $4.0 million within three years of the closing, we would pay Baxter 40% of the amount of such excess. This commitment expired on August 6, 2019. In addition, we also agreed that, if shares of our common stock cease to be publicly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, Baxter has the option to require us to repurchase, in cash, all or any part of the common shares held by Baxter at a price equal to their fair market value, as determined by a third-party appraiser.

Except as disclosed above, we have no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that have, or may have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

BUSINESS

Overview

We are a medical device company dedicated to changing the lives of patients suffering from fluid overload through science, collaboration, and innovative technology. We are focused on developing, manufacturing, and commercializing the Aquadex FlexFlow® system for ultrafiltration therapy. Our commercial product, the Aquadex FlexFlow system, is indicated for temporary (up to eight hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and extended (longer than 8 hours) ultrafiltration treatment of patients with fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy and require hospitalization.

Fluid Overload

Fluid overload, also known as hypervolemia, is a condition in which there is too much fluid in the blood and generally refers to the expansion of the extracellular fluid volume. Although the body does need some amount of fluid to remain healthy, too much can cause an imbalance and damage to an individual’s health.

The signs and symptoms of fluid overload are not always the same in each patient and may vary. However, possible signs and symptoms of fluid overload include: pitting edema, pulmonary edema/pleural effusion, jugular vein distention, dyspnea, or ascites. Medical conditions or diseases where excess fluid accumulates in the body are: heart failure, kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, or burn injuries/trauma. Individuals may also suffer from temporary fluid overload following certain surgical procedures, such as cardiac surgery. The diagnosis of fluid overload can be made through a variety of tests/exams such as a physical exam (weight and edema), blood chemistry, ECG or EKG, GFR, liver enzymes, and urinalysis, or serum/urine sodium test. Fluid overload has a significant association with the combined events of death, infection, bleeding, arrhythmia, and pulmonary edema¹² and is a leading cause of readmissions with patients suffering from heart failure and patients following cardiac surgery.

The condition of fluid overload is often observed in patients with heart failure and secondary oliguric states.¹³ Most of the symptoms of congestive heart failure result from extracellular fluid volume. For this reason, diuretics have been the cornerstone of heart failure treatment for more than 50 years. Over the past 20 years, approaches to treatment have changed dramatically.¹⁴ These dramatic improvements include new medications and new technologies, such as ultrafiltration, to help treat fluid overload.

Treatments for Fluid Overload

Diuretics

Treatment for fluid overload has traditionally been achieved through use of loop diuretics which may be accompanied by use of other categories of medications, such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and inotropic drugs. Although diuretics are the mainstay of treatment for congestion or fluid overload, no randomized trials have shown the effects of diuretics on mortality in chronic heart failure patients. Furthermore, appropriate titration of diuretics, specifically in the heart failure population, is unclear. Increasing concern exists that diuretics, particularly at high doses, may be deleterious in the inpatient setting. In addition, patients with heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome have diminished response to loop diuretics, making these agents less effective at relieving congestion.¹⁵ Approximately 40% of heart failure patients have poor diuretic response.¹⁶ This poor response is possibly due to noncompliance or high intake of salt, poor drug absorption, insufficient kidney response to drug, and reduced diuretic secretion.¹⁷ Despite treatment with loop diuretics, patients are frequently hospitalized and treated for recurrent symptoms and signs of fluid overload. Among more than 50,000 patients enrolled in the ADHERE (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry) study, only 33% lost ≥ 2.27 kg (5 lbs), and 16% gained weight during hospitalization.¹⁸

Nearly one-half of hospitalized patients with heart failure are discharged with residual fluid excess after receiving conventional diuretic therapies.¹⁹ Regardless of diuretic strategy, 42% of acutely decompensated heart failure subjects in the DOSE (Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation) trial reached the composite endpoint of death, rehospitalization, or emergency department visit at 60 days.²⁰ There is an association of chronic loop diuretic therapy and greater resource utilization at hospitals.²¹ Therefore, an alternative therapy to help stabilize or improve patient care is needed.

Ultrafiltration.

Ultrafiltration, or aquapheresis, is an alternative therapy to diuretics for fluid removal in patients. Ultrafiltration has been a well-documented technique in the treatment of fluid overload in heart failure patients for 25-30 years.²² Ultrafiltration is a safe and effective alternative therapy to remove extra fluid and salt by gently filtering blood through an ultrafiltration system. With ultrafiltration, medical practitioners can specify and control the amount of fluid to be extracted at a safe, predictable, and effective rate. The use of ultrafiltration therapy in subgroups of patients, such as heart failure and post-cardiac surgery, has demonstrated clinical benefits in treating fluid overload signs and symptoms. In addition to the clinical benefits of ultrafiltration, the therapy provides economic advantages. A recent hospital cost analysis demonstrated a total cost savings of $3,975, or 14.4%, per patient when using ultrafiltration as compared to diuretic therapy over 90 days.²³

The Aquadex FlexFlow System

The Aquadex FlexFlow system is designed and clinically proven to simply, safely, and precisely remove excess fluid (primarily excess salt and water) from patients suffering from fluid overload who have failed diuretic therapy. With the Aquadex FlexFlow system, medical practitioners can specify and control the amount of fluid to be extracted at a safe, predictable, and effective rate. The Aquadex FlexFlow system has been shown to have no clinically significant impact on electrolyte balance, blood pressure or heart rate.²⁴ Unlike other forms of ultrafiltration, which typically require administration specifically by a nephrologist, the Aquadex FlexFlow system may be prescribed by any physician and administered by a healthcare provider, both of whom have received training in extracorporeal therapies.

Benefits of the Aquadex FlexFlow System

The Aquadex FlexFlow system offers a safe approach to treating fluid overload and:

Components of the Aquadex FlexFlow System

The Aquadex FlexFlow system consists of:

The Aquadex Flex Flow blood circuit set is proprietary and the Aquadex FlexFlow system can only be used with the Aquadex blood circuit set. The dual lumen extended length catheter (dELC) is designed for use with the Aquadex FlexFlow system, although it is one of many potential catheter options available to the healthcare provider.

Our Market Opportunity

The Aquadex FlexFlow system is indicated for the treatment of patients suffering from fluid overload who have failed diuretics. We are currently focusing our commercial activities in two primary clinical areas where fluid overload is prevalent: cardiac surgery and other areas of critical care, and heart failure. We are also preparing for commercial activities with pediatric patients, once the anticipated clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, is received.

Post-Cardiovascular Surgery and Critical Care

Cardiac surgeries are commonly performed throughout the world. According to the National Center for Health Sciences, over 7.3 million cardiovascular operations are performed each year in the United States, including an estimated 340,000 coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures,²⁹ 180,000 valve procedures³⁰, and 3,000 ventricular assist device (VAD) implants³¹. Cardiac surgery is associated with a degree of fluid overload due to cardio pulmonary bypass. Cardio pulmonary bypass often requires a physician to administer a high volume of pre- and post-operative fluids (e.g. cardio pulmonary bypass pumps prime fluid, fluid used for cardioplegia, other fluids administered to address hypotension or post-operative crystalloid). Fluid overload in post-cardiac surgery can readily occur because surgery can affect the pumping actions of the heart, leading to postoperative hemodynamic instability. The condition often remains symptomless for several days until clinical symptoms become apparent, when treatment is almost always too late and ineffective.³²

The potential complications (e.g. renal failure, stroke, infection, arrhythmias, or prolonged intubation) are reported to be associated with high mortality, particularly when renal replacement therapy is required. Major complications after cardiac operations are associated with an increased risk for operative death, longer hospital length of stay, and higher rates of discharge to a location other than home.³³ Readmissions are a common problem in cardiac surgery and remain high. Approximately 20% of patients who undergo cardiac operations require readmission, an outcome with significant health economic implications. Volume overload was among the top three most prevalent causes for first readmission within 30 days and beyond 30 days.³⁴ It is estimated that 13.5% of post cardiac surgery patients are readmitted due to fluid overload within 30 days of discharge, which equates to an

estimated 70,000 fluid overload-related readmissions for CABG, valve, and VAD procedures per year in the United States.³⁵ In addition to reducing readmissions, we believe that managing the patient’s fluid shortly after cardiac surgery may lessen the time that a patient is in the intensive care unit, allowing the patient to transfer to a more comfortable and less expensive area of the hospital.

Similar to cardiac surgery, patients may suffer from fluid overload in connection with other critical care procedures, such as organ transplants, extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy, dialysis, and treatment for sepsis and severe burns. The potential complications (e.g. renal failure, infection, or prolonged intubation) are reported to be associated with high mortality, particularly when renal replacement therapy is required. Many patients are fluid overloaded following a transplant procedure and require treatment to achieve fluid balance. Hospitals are currently using ultrafiltration in connection with organ transplant procedures.

Heart Failure

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and other developed countries. In fact, approximately 50% of patients who develop heart failure die within five years of diagnosis. Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics from 2011 to 2014, the American Heart Association estimates that 6.5 million people in the United States, age 20 and over, had heart failure.³⁶ Based on the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study from 2005 to 2013, conducted by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, there are an estimated 960,000 new heart failure cases annually.³⁷ Annual hospitalizations for heart failure exceed one million in both the United States and Europe, and more than 90% are due to symptoms and signs of fluid overload.³⁸ In addition, approximately 68% of patients are discharged with sub-optimal results.³⁹ As such, there are over 600,000 heart failure patients in the United States who might benefit from new technologies to treat fluid overload.

Heart failure is a progressive disease caused by impairment of the left side of heart’s ability to pump blood to the various organs of the body. Patients with heart failure commonly experience shortness of breath, fatigue, difficulty exercising and swelling of the legs. The heart becomes weak or stiff and enlarges over time, making it harder for the heart to pump the blood needed for the body to function properly. The severity of heart failure depends on how well a person’s heart pumps blood throughout the body.

According to a nationwide study of over 140,000 patients suffering from acute decompensated heart failure, over 38% of patients discharged were still symptomatic and about half of the patients were discharged with less than five pounds lost.⁴⁰ This clinical evidence from the ADHERE Registry clearly shows patients are discharged too early, while still showing evidence of fluid overload.

By not truly addressing the fluid overload problem, patients are being readmitted to the hospital too frequently, with 30-day readmissions of 25% and 6-month readmissions of 50%, while 78% of patients are admitted directly to the Emergency Department as the first point of care.^{41 42}

Heart failure often requires inpatient treatment and it carries a huge economic burden in the United States, costing the nation an estimated $60.2 billion each year with hospital costs accounting for 62% of the economic burden.⁴³ As the population ages, healthcare expenditures are expected to increase substantially.⁴⁴ Therefore, therapies aimed at treating congestion and fluid overload are essential from a patient care and health economic perspective.

To remove the excess fluid, patients suffering from heart failure may receive ultrafiltration therapy in two settings: (i) inpatient care: provided to a patient admitted to a hospital, extended care facility, nursing home or other longer-term care facility; and (ii) outpatient care: provided to a patient who is not admitted to a facility, but receives treatment at a doctor’s office, clinic, or hospital outpatient department.

Hospitals in the United States also face potential penalties for heart failure readmissions. As part of the Affordable Care Act of 2012, Medicare instituted the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), which penalizes hospitals with high 30-day readmission rates for heart failure and other common diseases and procedures. This penalty can be as high as 3% of reimbursement for all Medicare admissions. Technologies that help reduce readmissions, such as the Aquadex FlexFlow system, can help hospitals mitigate these penalties.

Pediatrics

Many of the conditions and procedures faced by adult patients also occur in pediatric patients, such as cardiac surgery, organ transplants, heart failure and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. Similar to adult patients, these conditions and procedures may lead to fluid overload. While incidence data is not readily available, it is estimated that there are approximately 10,000 to14,000 pediatric patients with heart failure⁴⁵ and approximately 18,000 receiving cardiac surgery, ECMO therapy, and solid organ transplantation.^{46, 47, 48} In addition to these conditions, babies born prematurely may not have functioning kidneys and need kidney replacement therapy for survival. It is estimated that approximately 11,000 newborn babies require neonatal kidney replacement therapy each year in the U.S.⁴⁹

Our Strategy

Our vision is to change the lives of patients suffering from fluid overload through science, collaboration, innovation. We provide healthcare professionals with a reliable and sophisticated, yet easy to use, mechanical pump and filter system to remove excess fluid in fluid overloaded patients. We believe that our technology will provide a competitive advantage in the fluid management market by providing improved clinical benefits and reducing the cost of care relative to other treatment alternatives.

Our strategic focus is to demonstrate a strong business model by driving revenue growth. Growing revenue is the key metric employees, shareholders and potential investors will use to judge our performance. Our field-based employees include both sales representatives and clinical specialists in 13 sales territories in the U.S. We also have distribution agreements in several countries in Europe and Asia. We intend to focus on the acute needs of fluid overloaded patients in cardiac surgery and other areas of critical care, while continuing to support heart failure patients in the inpatient setting, and eventually the outpatient setting. Once we receive the anticipated clearance from the FDA, which is expected in the first quarter of 2020, we intend to expand our commercialization efforts to treatments for pediatric patients.

Post Cardiac Surgery and Critical Care: At the end of the third quarter of 2018, we launched a marketing campaign focused on the benefits of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in treating patients suffering from fluid overload following cardiac surgery procedures, such as CABG, valve repairs and replacements procedures, VAD implants and other cardiac surgical procedures. In September 2019, we realigned our sales force to further focus on the acute needs of fluid overloaded patients in cardiac surgery and other areas of critical care, such as organ transplantation. We believe that we will continue to grow revenue in this faster growing segment of our business by leveraging the synergies between heart failure cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons, traditional technology adoption rates of cardiac surgeons, and product purchase cycle of the cardiac surgical and other critical care centers at large hospitals.

Pediatrics: In September 2019, the Company submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more. Currently, our Aquadex FlexFlow system is not recommended for use in pediatric patients. Therefore, we do not devote commercialization resources toward, nor promote, the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in pediatric patients. However, based on their clinical expertise and medical judgement, physicians are permitted to prescribe the Aquadex FlexFlow system for use in pediatric patients. We believe that Aquadex FlexFlow system is currently being prescribed

by physicians to treat various conditions in pediatric patients, including heart failure, cardiac surgery⁵⁰, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy⁵¹, solid organ transplantation⁵², and kidney replacement therapy for neonatal patients. Based on submitting our application in September 2019, we anticipate receiving clearance from the FDA in early 2020. It is possible that the FDA requires additional testing prior to clearance of the modification to our indication for pediatric use or does not clear the modification at all. If we receive FDA clearance for an update to the product label, we intend to expand our commercialization efforts to include promotion to physicians and hospitals who treat this pediatric population. We expect to evaluate improvements to the Aquadex FlexFlow system to address the needs of the pediatric population.

Heart Failure In-Patients: Heart failure patients suffering from fluid overload may be treated in an inpatient setting, such as a hospital, extended care facility or nursing home. Historically, our commercial efforts have been primarily focused on use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the inpatient setting in large hospital accounts. We intend to continue to support our sales efforts on inpatient facilities, leveraging the clinical benefits and economic advantages of using the Aquadex FlexFlow system over diuretic therapy.

Heart Failure Out-Patients: Further, we intend to expand the use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system with heart failure patients in the outpatient setting, such as a clinic or hospital outpatient department (e.g. observation unit). While currently not reimbursed by Medicare and private payors, outpatient clinics are still using the Aquadex FlexFlow system to treat patients suffering from fluid overload because it can be a financial benefit to use the Aquadex FlexFlow system without reimbursement rather than to incur Medicare penalties for readmission into the inpatient setting. We are supporting the development of new evidence regarding the economic impact of ultrafiltration in the outpatient setting, including a clinical study on outpatient use that was initiated by the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Tampa, Florida in the fourth quarter of 2019.We plan to use such new evidence to seek reimbursement and gain broader adoption of the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the outpatient market.

Outside of the United States, we plan to continue to establish partnerships for the distribution of the Aquadex FlexFlow system. We currently have distribution relationships in Brazil, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.

Besides driving near term revenue growth through sales of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, we intend to develop product enhancements to improve performance and customer satisfaction. We have projects designed to improve venous access for the Aquadex FlexFlow catheter and enhance the functionality of the hematocrit sensor that is part of the Aquadex FlexFlow console. We also are collaborating with partners to evaluate diagnostic tools for physicians to use during an aquapheresis therapy to more precisely determine the amount of excess fluid to be removed, the rate of ultrafiltration, and when to stop therapy as dry weight is approached. As we expand our commercialization efforts in the pediatric market, following FDA clearance, we expect to evaluate improvements to the Aquadex FlexFlow system to address the needs of the pediatric population.

Sales and Marketing

As of December 31, 2019, we had 37 full-time employees in sales and marketing. Our U.S. sales force includes account managers in 13 territories, as well as field clinical specialists who provide training, technical and other support services to our customers. Following the acquisition of the Aquadex Business from Baxter in August 2016, our direct sales force was focused initially on re-engaging hospital accounts that ordered Aquadex FlexFlow blood sets in prior years, re-educating customers on the therapy, and assessing each hospital’s use of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to gain additional opportunity for increased utilization, primarily in heart failure. In 2018, we expanded our commercialization efforts to include post-cardiac surgery. In September 2019, we realigned our sales force to further focus on the acute needs of fluid overloaded patients in cardiac surgery and other areas of critical care, such as organ transplantation, while still supporting heart failure.

In the United States, our target customers for the Aquadex FlexFlow system include health care systems and academic hospitals specializing in advanced treatment of chronic heart failure and/or cardiac surgery, other hospitals with heart failure related admissions and/or who perform cardiac surgery operations and clinical practices with heart failure or cardiac surgery programs. Our largest customer represented 10.1% of our 2018 annual revenue. The loss of this customer would have a material adverse effect on our revenue.

Outside of the United States, our Aquadex FlexFlow system is sold by independent specialty distributors who in turn sell to hospitals and clinics in their geographic regions. We currently have distribution relationships in Brazil, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom. We intend to continue to establish distribution partners in additional countries outside of the United States.

Clinical Experience

Several large-scale, multi-center, randomized, controlled trials have evaluated the use of ultrafiltration using the Aquadex FlexFlow system patients in patients with acute decompensated heart failure compared to standard-of-care treatment with intravenous diuretics. These trials followed early-stage studies which primarily focused on safety of ultrafiltration treatment with the Aquadex FlexFlow system.

The UNLOAD trial enrolled 200 patients and showed that average weight and fluid loss were greater in the ultrafiltration group 48 hours following randomization. No differences were noted in symptoms of dyspnea between the groups. In addition, through 90 days of follow-up, the ultrafiltration group experienced fewer re-hospitalizations for heart failure, while renal function assessed by serum creatinine level was not significantly different between the groups.

The CARRESS trial studied 188 randomized acute decompensated heart failure patients over the course of 96 hours and found no difference in weight loss and an increase in creatinine level relative to the control group treated with intravenous diuretics. The creatinine increase was interpreted as a sign of potential worsening renal function in the ultrafiltration group. Results of CARRESS have been criticized on several grounds, particularly that trial results were impacted by centers unfamiliar with the use of ultrafiltration therapy and that the diuretic regimen employed was not representative of standard-of-care. In addition, a recent analysis of the DOSE trial to explore the putative link between short-term changes in creatinine level and outcome in acute decompensated heart failure has found that the intragroup difference observed in CARRESS does not fall into a range associated with adverse long-term outcomes including death, re-hospitalization or visits to the emergency department. Such events were examined in CARRESS over 60 days and no differences were detected between the groups.

Disparate results between UNLOAD and CARRESS led to initiation of the AVOID-HF trial. AVOID-HF was designed to prospectively address the question of patient outcomes when treated with ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for acute decompensated heart failure. Trial design assumptions indicated that 810 patients would need to be randomized to achieve adequate statistical power. However, the study was terminated at 224 patients for business reasons by Baxter. Despite being underpowered, the results of AVOID-HF indicated distinct trends toward reduced composite heart-failure events in the ultrafiltration group over 90 days. In addition, pre-specified secondary endpoints demonstrated significant reductions in heart failure re-hospitalization at 30 days. No significant differences were observed in creatinine level between the groups, although a trend toward increase may have been present at 48 hours. In totality, AVOID-HF recapitulated the results of both UNLOAD and CARRESS while providing evidence that had AVOID-HF been followed to completion it would likely have met its primary endpoint of improved outcome in acute decompensated heart failure patients.

We anticipate conducting additional clinical studies to provide further evidence of the safety and effectiveness of the Aquadex FlexFlow system and to support obtaining a specific reimbursement code for aquapheresis therapy.

Other uses of ultrafiltration with the Aquadex FlexFlow system have not been studied extensively. Case studies and case series demonstrating the use of ultrafiltration in the maintenance of outpatient heart failure have been published, but there has been no prospective, systematic evaluation of ultrafiltration versus standard-of-care for this population. Other potential uses also largely remain to be formally evaluated.

Research and Development

Research and development costs include activities related to research, development, design, and testing improvements to the Aquadex FlexFlow system and potential related products. The Aquadex FlexFlow system software will require periodic modifications for feature additions and performance improvements. We will make such design changes as needed based on pro-active and reactive mechanisms. Research and development costs also include expenses related to clinical research. Currently, we have projects designed to improve venous access for the Aquadex FlexFlow catheter and enhance the functionality of the hematocrit sensor that is part of the Aquadex FlexFlow console. We also evaluating diagnostic tools for physicians to use during an aquapheresis therapy to more precisely determine the amount of excess fluid to be removed, the rate of ultrafiltration, and when to stop therapy as dry weight

is approached. These diagnostic tools include the AcQtrac™ System, which we acquired in August 2018, and diagnostic tools marketed by Daxor Corporation (“Daxor”) and NI Medical, Inc. In of the fourth quarter of 2019, we initiated a clinical evaluation of Daxor’s BVA-100 and the Aquadex FlexFlow system, and if successful, we may initiate a co-marketing arrangement with Daxor in 2020. As we expand our commercialization efforts in the pediatric market, following FDA clearance, we expect to evaluate improvements to the Aquadex FlexFlow system to address the needs of the pediatric population. In the future, we also may sponsor or conduct additional clinical research related to the Aquadex FlexFlow system to enhance understanding of the product and its use.

Manufacturers and Suppliers

We manufacture the Aquadex FlexFlow system at our 23,000 square foot facility in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Following the acquisition of the Aquadex Business in 2016, Baxter manufactured and supplied the Aquadex FlexFlow blood circuit sets and Aquadex FlexFlow catheters. We transferred manufacturing equipment for the Aquadex Business to our manufacturing facility in July 2017. We began manufacturing Aquadex FlexFlow consoles and blood circuits in-house in the fourth quarter of 2017 and Aquadex FlexFlow catheters in-house in the third quarter of 2018. We purchase parts and components for the Aquadex FlexFlow system from third-party manufactures and suppliers. We believe that our current manufacturing facility is suitable and adequate to meet anticipated manufacturing demands, and that, if necessary, suitable additional or substitute space will be available to accommodate expansion of our operations.

Intellectual Property

We have established an intellectual property portfolio through which we seek to protect our system and technology. In connection with our acquisition of the Aquadex Business, we entered into a patent license agreement with Baxter pursuant to which we obtained, for no additional consideration, a world-wide license to 49 exclusively licensed and 9 non-exclusively licensed patents used in connection with the Aquadex FlexFlow system to make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale and import, the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the “field of use.” The license is exclusive, with respect to some patents, and non-exclusive, with respect to other patents. Under the patent license agreement, Baxter has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to continue maintenance of seven “required maintenance patents,” and we have agreed to reimburse Baxter for all fees, costs, and expenses (internal or external) incurred by Baxter in connection with such continued maintenance. The rights granted to us under the patent license agreement will automatically revert to Baxter in the event we cease operation of the Aquadex Business or we file for, have filed against us, or otherwise undertake any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, or other similar proceeding. We estimate that the patents licensed from Baxter will expire between approximately 2020 and 2025.

We have four patent applications pending with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The first application is based on our design for a wearable device designed to assist in maintaining peripheral venous blood flow access in the arm during aquapheresis treatment. The second application includes multiple potential new features and improvements to the diagnostic and ultrafiltration capabilities of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, which, to the extent incorporated into the product, would be designed to help patient fluid balance and to improve usability for healthcare providers. The third application involves a vacuum pump-controlled garment to increase vein diameter and venous flow for peripheral ultrafiltration. The fourth application involves plasma and blood volume measurement during ultrafiltration therapy.

In addition, as of December 31, 2019, we owned 36 issued patents and two pending patent applications in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions related to our C-Pulse System and had one pending application for neuromodulation. We estimate that most of our currently issued U.S. patents will expire between approximately 2021 and 2027. Given the strategic refocus away from C-Pulse and towards the Aquadex FlexFlow system, we have chosen to limit the maintenance of issued C-Pulse related patents to those innovations that are of the highest value. Further, we have elected to emphasize a few of the most critical jurisdictions rather than maintain the earlier approach that involved multiple countries. Our pending and future patent applications may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will provide us any financial return. Even if issued, existing or future patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to obtain commercial benefits from them.

We have developed technical knowledge that, although non-patentable, we consider to be significant in enabling us to compete. It is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with each of our employees and consultants prohibiting the disclosure of any confidential information or trade secrets. In addition, these agreements provide that any inventions or discoveries by employees and consultants relating to our business will be assigned to us and become our sole property.

Despite our patent rights and policies with regard to confidential information, trade secrets and inventions, we may be subject to challenges to the validity of our patents, claims that our system infringes the patent rights of others and the disclosure of our confidential information or trade secrets. These and other risks are described more fully under the heading “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property”.

At this time we are not a party to any material legal proceedings that relate to patents or proprietary rights.

Competition

Competition from medical device companies and medical device divisions of health care companies, pharmaceutical companies and gene- and cell-based therapies is intense and expected to increase. The vast majority of patients with fluid overload receive pharmacological treatment (diuretics) as a standard of care. There are no direct competitors for the Aquadex FlexFlow system in the U.S., other than diuretics. Other systems, such as Baxter’s Prismaflex, a filter-based device that is approved for continuous renal replacement therapy for patients weighing 20kg or more with acute renal failure and/or fluid overload, represent indirect competitors, as they can also be used to conduct ultrafiltration.

Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to demonstrate the advantages of ultrafiltration as compared to diuretics, a pharmacological treatment that is currently the standard of care. In addition, we need to distinguish Aquadex FlexFlow system from the indirect competition of other devices that can also be used to conduct ultrafiltration.

Third-Party Reimbursement

In the United States, the Aquadex FlexFlow products are purchased primarily by customers, such as hospitals or other health care providers. Customers bill various third-party payers for covered Aquadex FlexFlow services provided to patients. These payers, which include federal health care programs (e.g., Medicare and Medicaid), state health care programs, private health insurance companies, and managed care organizations, then reimburse our customers based on established payment formulas that take into account part or all of the cost associated with these devices and the related procedures performed.

While the agency responsible for administering the Medicare program, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has not issued a favorable national coverage determination under its Investigational Device Exception Studies Program for ultrafiltration using the Aquadex FlexFlow system, a number of private insurers have approved reimbursement for Aquadex FlexFlow products use for specific indications and points of service. In addition, patients and providers may seek insurance coverage on a case-by-case basis. We are exploring the ability to increase the range of coverage for uses of Aquadex FlexFlow therapies, such as use in the outpatient setting and other indicated uses under its approved labeling.

Legislative proposals can substantially change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers and may negatively impact payment rates for our system. Also, from time to time, there are a number of legislative, regulatory and other proposals both at the federal and state levels that may impact payment rates for our system. It remains uncertain whether there will be any future changes that will be proposed or finalized and what effect, if any, such legislation or regulations would have on our business. However, in the United States and international markets, we expect that both government and third-party payers will continue to attempt to contain or reduce the costs of health care by challenging the prices charged, or deny coverage, for health care products and services.

Government Regulations

Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and foreign countries is a significant factor in the manufacture and marketing of our current system and any future products and in our ongoing research and development activities. In particular, medical devices are subject to rigorous preclinical testing as a condition of approval by the FDA and by similar authorities in foreign countries. Any proposed products will require regulatory approval prior to commercialization.

United States

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDC Act”) and the FDA’s implementing regulations govern medical device design and development, preclinical and clinical testing, premarket clearance or approval, registration and listing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, advertising and promotion, sales and distribution, export and import,

and post market surveillance. Medical devices and their manufacturers are also subject to inspection by the FDA. The FDC Act, supplemented by other federal and state laws, also provides civil and criminal penalties for violations of its provisions. We manufacture and market medical devices that are regulated by the FDA, comparable state agencies and regulatory bodies in other countries.

Unless an exemption applies, each medical device we wish to commercially distribute in the U.S. will require marketing authorization from the FDA prior to distribution. The two primary types of FDA marketing authorization are premarket notification (also called 510(k) clearance) and premarket approval (PMA). The type of marketing authorization applicable to a device—510(k) clearance or PMA—is generally linked to classification of the device. The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes (Class I, II or III) based on the degree of risk the FDA determines to be associated with a device and the extent of control deemed necessary to ensure the device’s safety and effectiveness. Devices requiring fewer controls because they are deemed to pose lower risk are placed in Class I or II. Class I devices are deemed to pose the least risk and are subject only to general controls applicable to all devices, such as requirements for device labeling and adherence to the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice requirements, as reflected in its Quality System Regulation (QSR). Class II devices are intermediate risk devices that are subject to general controls and may also be subject to special controls such as performance standards, product-specific guidance documents, special labeling requirements, patient registries or post market surveillance. Class III devices are those for which insufficient information exists to assure safety and effectiveness solely through general or special controls, and include life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, and devices not “substantially equivalent” to a device that is already legally marketed.

Most Class I devices and some Class II devices are exempted by regulation from the 510(k) clearance requirement and can be marketed without prior authorization from FDA. Class I and Class II devices that have not been exempted are eligible for marketing through the 510(k) clearance pathway. By contrast, devices placed in Class III generally require PMA prior to commercial marketing. The PMA process is generally more stringent, time-consuming and expensive than the 510(k) clearance process.

510(k) Clearance. To obtain 510(k) clearance for a medical device, an applicant must submit a premarket notification to the FDA demonstrating that the device is “substantially equivalent” to a predicate device legally marketed in the United States. A device is substantially equivalent if, with respect to the predicate device, it has the same intended use and has either (i) the same technological characteristics or (ii) different technological characteristics and the information submitted demonstrates that the device is as safe and effective as a legally marketed device and does not raise different questions of safety or effectiveness. A showing of substantial equivalence sometimes, but not always, requires clinical data. Generally, the 510(k) clearance process can exceed 90 days and may extend to a year or more.

After a device has received 510(k) clearance for a specific intended use, any modification to that device that could “significantly affect its safety or effectiveness,” such as a significant change in the design, materials, method of manufacture or which results in “major change” to the intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or PMA (if the device as modified is not substantially equivalent to a legally marketed predicate device). The determination as to whether new authorization is needed is initially left to the manufacturer; however, the FDA may review this determination to evaluate the regulatory status of the modified product at any time and may require the manufacturer to cease marketing the modified device until 510(k) clearance or PMA is obtained. The manufacturer may also be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties.

The Aquadex FlexFlow system was granted FDA 510(k) clearance for commercial use on June 3, 2002. Additional 510(k) clearances have been received for the Aquadex FlexFlow system in subsequent years. In September 2019, we submitted an application to the FDA requesting for 510(k) clearance of the Aquadex FlexFlow system to include pediatric patients who weigh 20kg or more. We anticipate receiving clearance from the FDA in early 2020. It is possible that the FDA requires additional testing prior to clearance of the modification to our indication for pediatric use or does not clear the modification at all.

Clinical Trials. To obtain FDA approval to market certain devices, clinical trials may be required to support a PMA application. We previously were conducting clinical trials for the C-Pulse System that were halted. We are currently not conducting any clinical trials; however, it is possible that we may need to conduct clinical trials in the future if we develop enhancements to, or expand the approved indication of, the Aquadex FlexFlow system or we acquire additional products that require a clinical trial. Clinical trials generally require submission of an application

for an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) to the FDA prior to commencing the trial. FDA approval of an IDE allows clinical testing to go forward, but does not bind the FDA to accept the results of the trial as sufficient to prove the product’s safety and efficacy, even if the trial meets its intended success criteria.

All clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with regulations and requirements collectively known as Good Clinical Practice. Good Clinical Practices include the FDA’s IDE regulations, which describe the conduct of clinical trials with medical devices. They also prohibit promotion, test marketing or commercialization of an investigational device and any representation that such a device is safe or effective for the purposes being investigated. Good Clinical Practices also include the FDA’s regulations for institutional review board approval and for protection of human subjects (such as informed consent), as well as disclosure of financial interests by clinical investigators. Required records and reports are subject to inspection by the FDA.

The results of clinical testing may be unfavorable or, even if the intended safety and efficacy success criteria are achieved, may not be considered sufficient for the FDA to grant approval or clearance of a product. The commencement or completion of any clinical trials may be delayed or halted, or be inadequate to support approval of a PMA application or clearance of a premarket notification for numerous reasons.

Continuing Regulation. After a device is cleared or approved for use and placed in commercial distribution, numerous regulatory requirements continue to apply. These include:

In addition, the FDA may require a company to conduct post market surveillance studies or order it to establish and maintain a system for tracking its products through the chain of distribution to the patient level.

Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including those applicable to the conduct of clinical trials, can result in enforcement action by the FDA, which may lead to any of the following sanctions:

We and our contract manufacturers are also required to manufacture our products in compliance with Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements set forth in the QSR. The QSR requires a quality system for the design, manufacture, packaging, labeling, storage, installation and servicing of marketed devices, and includes extensive

requirements with respect to quality management and organization, device design, buildings, equipment, purchase and handling of components, production and process controls, packaging and labeling controls, device evaluation, distribution, installation, complaint handling, servicing and record keeping. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic announced and unannounced inspections that may include the manufacturing facilities of subcontractors. If the FDA believes that we or any of our contract manufacturers is not in compliance with these requirements, it can shut down our manufacturing operations, require recall of our products, refuse to clear or approve new marketing applications, institute legal proceedings to detain or seize products, enjoin future violations or assess civil and criminal penalties against us or our officers or other employees. Any such action by the FDA would have a material adverse effect on our business.

European Union

In order to import and sell our products in member countries of the European Union, or EU, medical devices currently must comply with the essential requirements of the European Union Medical Devices Directive (Council Directive 93/42/EEC). Compliance with these requirements is a prerequisite to be able to affix the Conformité Européene, or CE, Mark to our products, without which they cannot be sold or marketed in the EU. To demonstrate compliance with the essential requirements we must undergo a conformity assessment procedure, which varies according to the type of medical device and its classification. Except for low-risk medical devices (Class I non-sterile, non-measuring devices), where the manufacturer can issue an EC Declaration of Conformity based on a self-assessment of the conformity of its products with the essential requirements of the European Union Medical Devices Directive, a conformity assessment procedure requires the intervention of a Notified Body, an organization accredited by a member state of the EU to conduct conformity assessments. Depending on the relevant conformity assessment procedure, the Notified Body would typically audit and examine the technical file and the quality system for the manufacture, design and final inspection of our devices. The Notified Body issues a certificate of conformity following successful completion of a conformity assessment procedure conducted in relation to the medical device and its manufacturer and their conformity with the essential requirements. This certificate entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE Mark to its medical devices after having prepared and signed a related EC Declaration of Conformity.

Recently, the European Union replaced the Medical Devices Directive (93/42/EEC) (MDD) with the new European Medical Devices Regulation, or MDR. The MDR will apply after a transitional period of three years ending on May 26, 2020. Manufacturers have the duration of the transition period to update their technical documentation and processes to meet the new requirements in order to obtain a CE Mark or to issue an EC Declaration of Conformity. After May 26, 2020, medical devices can still be placed on the market under the provision of the MDD or the Active Implantable Medical Devices Directive (“AIMDD”) 90/385/EEC (hereafter referred to together as “MDD/AIMDD”) until May 27, 2024; provided the CE Mark was issued prior to this date, the manufacturer continues to comply with either one of the directives, and that no significant changes are made in the design and intended purpose of the applicable medical device. By May 27, 2024, all medical devices entering the EU will need to have a new CE Mark under the MDR, even if they have been on the market previously under the MDD/AIMDD.

The CE Mark for Aquadex FlexFlow system had previously expired. We received renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow circuit in the second quarter of 2019 and expect to receive renewal for the Aquadex FlexFlow console in the first quarter of 2020, which would allow us to import additional console inventory into the EU. We believe that we currently have sufficient product inventory already available for sale in the EU market and the timing of the receipt of the CE Mark will not have a material impact on our revenue.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, we had 71 full-time employees and no part-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider relations with our employees to be good.

Company History

Prior to July 2016, we were focused on developing the C-Pulse Heart Assist System for treatment of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure. In August 2016, we acquired the Aquadex Business from a subsidiary of Baxter. In September 2016, we announced a strategic refocus of our strategy that included halting all clinical evaluations of the C-Pulse related technology to fully focus our resources on our recently acquired Aquadex Business. On May 23, 2017, we announced that we were changing our name from Sunshine Heart, Inc. to CHF Solutions, Inc. to more appropriately reflect the direction of our business.

Corporate Information

CHF Solutions, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on August 22, 2002. We began operating our business in November 1999 through Sunshine Heart Company Pty Limited, which currently is a wholly owned Australian subsidiary of CHF Solutions, Inc. Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) on February 16, 2012.

Our principal executive offices are located at 12988 Valley View Road, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, and our telephone number is (952) 345-4200. Our website address is www.chf-solutions.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act will be made available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. These reports are also available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website, www.sec.gov. The information on, or that may be accessed through, any websites noted herein is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this prospectus.

We are, and will remain, a “smaller reporting company” as long as our public float remains less than $250 million as of the last business day of our most recently-completed second fiscal quarter. A smaller reporting company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to U.S. public companies. As long as our public float remains below $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, we are exempt from the attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent auditors pursuant to section 404 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 but are required to make our own internal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Properties

We lease a 23,000 square foot facility located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The lease period commenced December 1, 2011 and extends through March 31, 2022. This facility serves as our corporate headquarters and houses substantially all of our functional areas, including manufacturing. Monthly rent and common area maintenance charges for our headquarters total approximately $25,000. The lease contains provisions for annual inflationary adjustments.

We believe that our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate expansion of our operations.

Legal Proceedings

We are not currently subject to any material pending legal proceedings.

MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and executive officers as of December 31, 2019:

Our board of directors is currently composed of six members. Our directors are elected for three-year staggered terms. The two Class I directors will hold office until the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders. The two Class II directors will hold office until the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders. The two Class III directors will hold office until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders.

Our executive officers are elected by our board of directors and hold office until removed by the board of directors, and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation, retirement, removal, or death.

Background and Qualifications

John L. Erb has served as chief executive officer and president of the Company since November 2015, as a director of the Company since September 2012 and as Chairman of our board of directors since October 2012. Previously, Mr. Erb served as chief executive officer (from 2007 to 2018) of NuAx, Inc. (formerly Cardia Access, Inc.), a medical device company involved in developing new devices for the treatment of heart disease; he was executive chairman of the board, during 2007, and chief executive officer, from 2001 to 2006, of the previous owner of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, which was also known as CHF Solutions, Inc., a medical device company involved in the development, manufacturing and distribution of devices to treat congestive heart failure; he was president and chief executive officer of IntraTherapeutics, Inc., a medical device company involved in the development, manufacturing and distribution of peripheral vascular stents, from 1997 to 2001; and he held various positions, including as vice president of worldwide operations at Schneider, a division of Pfizer, Inc., from 1991 to 1997. Mr. Erb’s prior board experience includes service as a director of SenoRx, Inc., (a NASDAQ listed company), from December 2001 until its acquisition by C.R. Bard, Inc. in July 2010; service as a director of CryoCath Technologies Inc., a publicly traded Canadian company, from October 2000 until its acquisition by Medtronic plc in November 2008; and service as chairman of the board of Vascular Solutions, Inc., (a NASDAQ listed company), where he also served as chairman of the compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees from October 2002 until its acquisition by Teleflex Incorporated in February 2017. Mr. Erb currently serves as chairman of the board of Osprey Medical, Inc., (listed on the Australian Securities Exchange), where he also serves as a member of the compensation committee and a member of the audit committee, and as a director of Miromatrix. Mr. Erb received a B.A. in business administration, with a concentration in finance, from California State University, Fullerton.

With over 40 years of experience in the medical device industry, including 20 years of experience serving as chief executive officer of medical device companies, Mr. Erb brings to our board of directors valuable business, management and leadership experience, as well as a deep understanding of the challenges presented in growing a medical device company. In addition, his role on the boards of Osprey Medical, Vascular Solutions, SenoRx and CryoCath Technologies has provided him with other public company board experience. Having managed significant operations of a multi-national medical device company, Mr. Erb also contributes valuable private company operational experience.

Steve Brandt has served as a director of the Company since February 2017. Mr. Brandt is a senior executive with over 35 years of experience in the healthcare industry. Mr. Brandt was employed by Thoratec Corporation, a medical

device company, from November 2004 to October 2015, serving as vice president global sales and marketing, vice president of global sales and vice president international sales. Prior to Thoratec, Mr. Brandt was vice president sales & marketing for the previous owner of the Aquadex FlexFlow system, which was also known as CHF Solutions, Inc., from October 2002 to November 2004 and vice president global marketing, Cardiovascular Surgery Division for St. Jude Medical from November 2000 to October 2002. Mr. Brandt received a B.S. from Franklin Pierce College.

Mr. Brandt’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include his extensive experience in the management of medical device companies.

Maria Rosa Costanzo, M.D. has served as a director of the Company since September 2019. Dr. Costanzo has served as the medical director, Heart Failure Research, at Advocate Heart Institute, and the medical director for Advanced Heart Failure at Edward Hospital Center in Illinois since 2002. From 1994 until 2001, Dr. Costanzo served as the Medical Director of the Heart Failure/Cardiac Transplant Program at Rush University Medical Center and was the John H. and Margaret V. Krehbiel Professor of Cardiology at the Rush Medical College. From 1988 to 1994, she served as Medical Director of the Loyola University Chicago Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Program. From 1995 until 2000, Dr. Costanzo was also the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. In 2002, she was appointed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to a four-year term on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Advisory Council. Since 2012, Dr. Costanzo has been a member of the American Board of Internal Medicine exam writing committee for the specialty of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology. Dr. Costanzo currently serves on the board of directors for the Heart Failure Society of America. In addition, she is a member of several medical societies and a fellow with the American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology, and a Gold Member of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. She is also a member of the Ordine Dei Medici (The Italian National Medical Professional Association). Dr. Costanzo received her medical degree with honors from Facolta’ Di Medicina e Chirurgia dell’ Universita’ di Bologna in Bologna, Italy.

Dr. Costanzo’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include her years of clinical medical experience in cardiac care, in particular heart failure, including her experiences leading multi-center clinical trials and serving as a board member and fellow on international medical societies.

Jon W. Salveson has served as a director of the Company since March 2013. Mr. Salveson is vice chairman, investment banking and chairman of the healthcare investment banking group at Piper Jaffray Companies. He also serves on the board of CryoLife, Inc. a leading medical device company focused on cardiac and vascular surgery. Mr. Salveson joined Piper Jaffray Companies in 1993 as an associate, was elected managing director in 1999, and was named group head of Piper Jaffray’s international healthcare investment banking group in 2001. Mr. Salveson was appointed global head of investment banking and a member of the executive committee of Piper Jaffray in 2004 and has served in his present position as vice chairman, investment banking since July 2010. Mr. Salveson started his career as a market manager at Bio-Metrics Systems (now part of Surmodics, Inc.), an innovator in medical device surface modification, where he gained experience working in cardiology and interventional medicine. Mr. Salveson received his undergraduate degree from St. Olaf College and an M.M.M. in finance from the Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.

Mr. Salveson’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include his 20-plus years of experience in healthcare investment banking, advising clients on hundreds of merger and acquisition and financing transactions.

Gregory D. Waller has served as a director of the Company since August 2011. Mr. Waller also serves on the boards of directors of Endologix Corporation (a NASDAQ listed company) and Arcadia Bioscience, Inc. (a NASDAQ listed Company), where he also serves as chairman of the audit committee and a member of the nominating and governance committee for both companies. Until April 2015, Mr. Waller was chief financial officer of Ulthera Corporation, a privately held company that sells an ultrasound device used for non-invasive brow lifts, which was sold to Merz North America in July 2014. From March 2006 to April 2011, Mr. Waller was chief financial officer of Universal Building Products, Inc., a manufacturer of concrete construction accessories. Mr. Waller served as vice president of finance, chief financial officer, and treasurer of Sybron Dental Specialties, Inc., a manufacturer and marketer of consumable dental products, from August 1993 until his retirement in May 2005, and was formerly vice president and treasurer of Kerr, Ormco Corporation, and Metrex. Mr. Waller joined Ormco in December 1980 as vice president and controller and served as vice president of Kerr European Operations from July 1989 to August 1993. Mr. Waller received an M.B.A. with a concentration in accounting from California State University, Fullerton. His prior board service includes service as a director for the following companies: Alsius Corporation (a NASDAQ

listed company), where he also served as chairman of the audit committee and a member of the compensation committee, from June 2007 until its acquisition by Zoll Medical Corporation in September 2009; Biolase Technology, Inc. (a NASDAQ listed company), where he also served as chairman of the audit committee from October 2009 to August 2010; Cardiogenesis Corporation (a NASDAQ listed company), where he also served as chairman of the audit committee from April, 2007 until its acquisition by Cryolife, in May 2011; Clarient, Inc. (a NASDAQ listed company), where he also served as chairman of the audit committee and a member of the compensation and corporate governance committees, from December 2006 until its acquisition by General Electric Company in December 2010; and SenoRx (a NASDAQ listed company), where he also served as chairman of the audit committee from May 2006 until its acquisition by C.R. Bard, Inc. in July 2010.

Mr. Waller’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include his 45 years of financial and management experience, including his experiences as chief financial officer of Universal Building Products, Sybron Dental Specialties, and Ulthera Inc. as well as his familiarity with public company board functions from his service on the boards of other public companies.

As described above, Mr. Waller served as chief financial officer of Universal Building Products from 2006 to 2011. Universal Building Products filed a voluntary petition for bankruptcy on August 4, 2010. Except as described in the preceding sentence, no other event has occurred during the past 10 years requiring disclosure pursuant to Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K.

Warren S. Watson has served as a director of the Company since January 2013. Mr. Watson is an executive with over 40 years of experience in the field of medical devices. Since 2010, Mr. Watson has served on the board of directors for Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare including as chair of the board from 2015 to 2017. From 1982 to 2014, Mr. Watson served on the board of directors of Citizens Independent Bank of St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a community bank with four branches and $300 million in assets. From 2010 to 2012, he served as executive chairman of Cameron Health Inc., a medical technology company focused on subcutaneous implantable cardioverter and defibrillator devices. Mr. Watson spent over 33 years, from 1976 to 2009, in various roles of increasing responsibility at Medtronic plc, including: from 1992 to 1995 and from 2000 to 2002, Mr. Watson served as vice president and general manager as Medtronic’s ablation business; from 2000 to 2009, Mr. Watson served as vice president of Medtronic’s Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Research and Development organization, an organization leading over 1,800 professionals worldwide; and he also served as chair of the Medtronic Corporate Research and Development Council during his tenure as vice president of Research and Development for CRM. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Watson served as vice president and general manager of the Vitatron pacing business of Medtronic in the Netherlands. Mr. Watson’s board service also includes service as a director for the following companies: Bardy Diagnostics since 2017; CardioMems, Inc. from 2004 to 2009; Cardialen, Inc. since 2012; Closys from 2013 to 2016; Mardil, Inc. from 2013 to 2016; and NuAx, Inc. from 2011 to 2016.

Mr. Watson’s qualifications to serve on our board of directors include his executive leadership in the field of medical devices, his over 40 years of experience in the medical technology field, his successful development of multiple emerging therapies and his general business experience due to his board service for other medical technology companies.

Claudia Drayton has served as our chief financial officer since January 2015. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Drayton spent 15 years at Medtronic plc, a $30 billion global leader in the medical device industry. During her tenure at Medtronic, Ms. Drayton held multiple senior managerial finance positions, culminating with an assignment in Europe serving as chief financial officer of the peripheral vascular business from 2012 to 2012 and, most recently, as chief financial person and senior finance director of the integrated health solutions business from 2012 to 2014. In these capacities, her responsibilities and experiences included profitability management, strategic planning, mergers and acquisitions, planning and forecasting, and implementation of financial best practices. Before joining Medtronic, Ms. Drayton was an audit and business advisory manager at Arthur Andersen for seven years. Ms. Drayton received an M.B.A. from the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management and a B.S. from the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

Nestor Jaramillo, Jr. has served as our chief commercial officer since May 2019. From October 2017 to May 2019, Mr. Jaramillo served as president and chief executive officer of Innerspace Neuro Solutions, Inc., a commercial-stage medical technology company that developed, manufactured and distributed an intracranial pressure monitoring system. From May 2014 to September 2017, Mr. Jaramillo was managing director of healthcare investment banking at Craig-Hallum Capital, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and from March 2010 to April 2014,

he was managing director of healthcare investment banking at Cherry Tree & Associates, an investment banking firm in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Mr. Jaramillo has also served in a variety of roles at Transoma Medical from 2007 to 2010, St. Jude Medical from 2006 to 2007, and at Medtronic plc from 1982 to 2006. In these roles, his responsibilities included leading sales and marketing teams both in the United States and internationally, where he spent five years in Europe. Mr. Jaramillo received an M.B.A. from the University of St. Thomas and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of North Dakota.

BOARD MATTERS

General

Our board of directors has general oversight responsibility for our affairs and, in exercising its fiduciary duties, our board of directors represents and acts on behalf of the stockholders. Although our board of directors does not have responsibility for our day-to-day management, it stays regularly informed about our business and provides oversight and guidance to our management through periodic meetings and other communications. Our board of directors provides critical oversight in our strategic planning process, as well as other functions carried out through our board of directors’ committees as described below.

Board Leadership Structure

Mr. Erb, our Chief Executive Officer and President, serves as Chairman of the board of directors, and Mr. Watson, a non-employee independent director, serves as Lead Independent Director. Our board of directors believes that having the Chief Executive Officer also serve as Chairman of the board of directors provides efficiencies and permits a unified strategic vision and clear leadership for the Company as it transitions from a research and development entity to a commercial organization. Our board of directors further believes that the Lead Independent Director role provides independence from management in the operation and governance of the board of directors.

Board Involvement in Risk Oversight

It is the responsibility of management to identify, assess and manage our exposure to risks. Our board of directors plays an important role in overseeing management’s performance of these duties as well as the processes and systems we use to identify, prioritize, source, manage and monitor our critical risks. To this end, our board of directors receives regular reports from members of management regarding risks associated with our operations and strategic plans. These reports typically take the form of discussions incorporated into presentations made to our board of directors at regular and special meetings where risks are identified in the context of the matter being discussed. Additionally, at least annually, our board of directors reviews a report presented by management regarding the material risks faced by us, our risk management processes and systems and the adequacy of our policies and procedures designed to respond to and mitigate these risks.

Our board of directors has generally retained the primary risk oversight function and has an active role in overseeing management of our material risks. The oversight of risk is also conducted at the committee level. The Audit Committee oversees the management of financial and internal control risks as well as risks associated with litigation and related party transactions. The Compensation Committee oversees the management of risks relating to our executive compensation plans and arrangements. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees the management of risks associated with the composition and independence of the board of directors, compliance with various regulatory and listing standards requirements and succession planning. While each committee is responsible for evaluating and overseeing the management of risks relevant to that particular committee, the full board of directors is regularly informed of the committees’ risk oversight activities through committee reports presented at board of directors’ meetings.

Meetings

Our board of directors and its committees meet throughout the year on a set schedule, and also hold special meetings and act by written consent from time to time as appropriate. The non-employee directors hold regularly scheduled executive sessions to meet without management present. These executive sessions generally occur around regularly scheduled meetings of the board of directors.

All directors are expected to attend all meetings of our board of directors and of the board of directors’ committees on which they serve, as well as the annual meeting of stockholders. Our board of directors met eight times

during 2019. In 2019, each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of all meetings of the board of directors and the committees of which he or she was a member. All directors attended the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders, except Dr. Costanzo who was not appointed to our board of directors until after our annual meeting.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has delegated various responsibilities and authority to our board of directors’ committees. Each committee has regularly scheduled meetings and reports on its activities to the full board of directors. Each committee operates under a written charter approved by our board of directors, which is reviewed annually by the respective committee and the board of directors. Each committee’s charter is posted on our website, www.chf-solutions.com, under the “Investors – Corporate Governance” tab. The table below sets forth the current membership for the three board of directors’ committees and the number of meetings held for each in 2018.

Director Independence

Our board of directors believes that there should be at least a majority of independent directors on our board of directors. Our board of directors undertakes a review of director independence in accordance with Nasdaq listing rules at least once annually. The independence rules include a series of objective tests, including that the director is not employed by us and has not engaged in various types of business dealings with us. In addition, our board of directors is required to make a subjective determination as to each independent director that no relationships exist which, in the opinion of our board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In making these determinations, our board of directors reviewed and discussed information provided by the directors and us with regard to each director’s business and personal activities as they may relate to us and our management. In particular, our board of directors considered that (i) Mr. Watson, in his capacity as Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, received $25,000 from the Company in fiscal 2015 as compensation for duties as such committee chairman in connection with the amendment and restatement, implementation and administration of the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, (ii) Mr. Salveson is an executive officer of Piper Jaffray Companies, the parent company of Piper Jaffray & Co., which served as joint book-running manager for the Company’s confidentially marketed public offering that closed on September 24, 2013, and (iii) Mr. Brandt provided consulting services to the Company on an interim basis from February 2019 to May 2019. Our board of directors determined that Mr. Watson continued to satisfy the objective independence tests and that his independence was not otherwise impaired under the subjective criteria, because, among other things, such payment was made to him in his capacity as Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for services related to such role and the dollar amounts at issue were immaterial. In prior years, our board of directors determined that Mr. Salveson was not an independent director, but in the first quarter of fiscal 2016, our board of directors reassessed Mr. Salveson’s independence and determined that he satisfies the objective independence tests and that his independence was not otherwise impaired under the subjective criteria because, among other reasons, the fees paid to Piper Jaffray in connection with the confidentially marketed public offering were well below the threshold dollar amount for payments made to affiliated entities set forth in the objective independence tests and due to the amount of time that has passed since such fees were paid. Our board of directors determined that Mr. Brandt continued to satisfy the objective independence tests and that his independence was not otherwise impaired under the subjective criteria because Mr. Brandt served as a consultant only on a short-term, interim basis for a period of four months and his total compensation was only $76,000 plus reimbursement of expenses.

Our board of directors has affirmatively determined, after considering all of the relevant facts and circumstances, that all of our directors are independent directors under the applicable rules of Nasdaq, except for Mr. Erb, our current

Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. Watson serves as our lead independent director. Each member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is independent under Nasdaq rules. In addition, our board of directors has affirmatively determined that the members of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee qualify as independent in accordance with the additional independence rules established by the SEC and Nasdaq.

Audit Committee

The primary purpose of the Audit Committee is to act on behalf of the board of directors in fulfilling the board of directors’ oversight responsibilities with respect to the Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes; the Company’s systems of internal control over financial reporting, including financial disclosure controls and procedures; audits of the Company’s consolidated financial statements; the quality and integrity of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and reports provided to the Company’s stockholders, the SEC and other persons; and the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. To implement this purpose, the committee is charged with the following responsibilities, among others:

The responsibilities and activities of the committee are described in greater detail in its charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at http://ir.chf-solutions.com/corporate-governance.

Our board of directors has determined that each Audit Committee member has sufficient knowledge in reading and understanding financial statements to serve on the committee. Our board of directors has further determined that Mr. Waller qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” in accordance with SEC rules. The designation of an “audit committee financial expert” does not impose upon such person any duties, obligations or liabilities that are greater than those which are generally imposed on him as a member of the committee and the board of directors, and such designation does not affect the duties, obligations or liabilities of any other member of the committee or the board of directors.

Compensation Committee

The primary purpose of the Compensation Committee is to act on behalf of the board of directors in fulfilling the board of directors’ responsibilities to oversee our compensation policies, plans and programs, and to review and determine the compensation to be paid to our executive officers. To implement this purpose, the Compensation Committee is charged with the following responsibilities, among others:

The Compensation Committee may form and delegate authority to subcommittees as appropriate. The responsibilities and activities of the Compensation Committee are described in greater detail in its charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at http://ir.chf-solutions.com/corporate-governance.

Role of Compensation Consultant

During fiscal 2019, the Compensation Committee engaged Frederic W. Cook & Co. (“FW Cook”) to conduct an assessment of executive officer compensation for fiscal 2020 and advise on employee equity compensation. In connection with such engagement, FW Cook evaluated our executive officers’ base salaries, incentive compensation, and total compensation relative to a peer group consisting of 15 companies similar to ours based on industry, market capitalization and revenue.

The Compensation Committee concluded that the advice the Company received from the compensation consultant in 2019 did not raise any conflict of interest, considering the following six factors: (i) the provision of other services to the Company by the consultant; (ii) the amount of fees received from us by the consultant, as a percentage of the total revenue of such consultant; (iii) the policies and procedures of the consultant that are designed to prevent conflicts of interest; (iv) any business or personal relationship of the consultant with a member of the Compensation Committee; (v) any stock of the Company owned by the consultant; and (vi) any business or personal relationship of the consultant with an executive officer of our company.

See “Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation—Narrative Discussion of Summary Compensation Table for 2019” below for additional information regarding our processes and procedures for consideration and determination of director and executive officer compensation.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The primary purpose of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is to review the composition and performance of the board of directors and its committees and to oversee all aspects of our corporate governance functions. To implement this purpose, the committee is charged with the following responsibilities, among others:

The responsibilities and activities of the committee are described in greater detail in its charter, a copy of which is available on the Company’s website at http://ir.chf-solutions.com/corporate-governance.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviews and makes recommendations to the board of directors, from time to time, regarding the appropriate skills and characteristics required of our board of directors’ members in the context of the current make-up of the board of directors, the operations of the Company and the long-term interests of stockholders. The committee does not have a specific diversity policy underlying its nomination process, although it seeks to ensure the board of directors includes directors with diverse backgrounds, qualifications, skills and experience relevant to our business.

In the case of an incumbent director whose term of office is set to expire, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will generally re-nominate incumbent directors who continue to satisfy the committee’s criteria for membership on the board of directors, continue to make important contributions to the board of directors and consent to continue their service on the board of directors.

If a vacancy on the board of directors occurs or the board of directors increases in size, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will actively seek individuals that satisfy the committee’s criteria for membership on the board of directors and the committee may rely on multiple sources for identifying and evaluating potential nominees, including referrals from our current directors and management. In 2019, the committee did not employ a search firm or pay fees to other third parties in connection with identifying or evaluating board of director nominee candidates.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider recommendations of director nominees by stockholders so long as such recommendations are sent on a timely basis and are otherwise in accordance with our Amended and Restated Bylaws and applicable law.

Director Compensation

Our non-employee directors receive a mix of cash and share-based compensation. The compensation mix is intended to encourage non-employee directors to continue board of director service, further align the interests of the board of directors and stockholders and attract new non-employee directors with outstanding qualifications. Directors who are our employees or officers of do not receive any additional compensation for board of director service.

2019 Compensation Table

The table below sets forth the compensation of each non-employee director in 2019. As a named executive officer of the Company, compensation paid to Mr. Erb for the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years is fully reflected under “Named Executive Officer Compensation Tables—Summary Compensation Table for 2019”.

Our Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy provides for (i) an annual cash retainer of $55,000 payable in equal quarterly installments in arrears on the last day of each quarter in which the service occurs and (ii) an annual

stock option award of the number of shares equal to 0.15% of the fully-diluted shares of the Company, granted on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders with 1/12th of the shares underlying the awards vesting monthly so that all of the underlying shares are vested on the one-year anniversary of the grant date. We do not provide any perquisites to directors.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Compensation Committee engaged Compensia to conduct an assessment of non-employee director compensation for fiscal 2018. In connection with such engagement, Compensia evaluated our non-employee director compensation program including cash compensation and equity compensation, reporting directly to the Compensation Committee. We did not make any changes to our Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy in 2018 as a result of such assessment. However, in May 2019, we changed the calculation of the number of shares included in the annual stock option grant to a percentage of the full-diluted shares of the Company rather than a cash value and equity compensation is in the form of only stock options.

On the date of the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, there were insufficient shares available under the 2013 Directors’ Plan to issue an equity award with an aggregate value on the date of grant of $35,000 to each of our non-employee directors. Therefore, each non-employee director received an option to purchase 714 shares of our common stock with a grant date fair value of $26,259 and a cash payment in the amount of $2,186 per quarter for the twelve months prior from the second quarter of 2018 through the first quarter of 2019, in lieu of the remaining equity award contemplated by our Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy. Our board of directors determined that the full equity award would be issued in the form of a stock option to simplify the grant in light of the limited number of shares available.

As of December 31, 2019, each non-employee director had the following number of shares underlying outstanding options (both vested and unvested): Mr. Brandt 5,009; Dr. Costanzo 1.313, Mr. Salveson 5,954; Mr. Waller 6,423, and Mr. Watson, 5,954. As of December 31, 2018, no RSUs were held by the non-employee directors.

DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) REPORTS

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires that our executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, file reports of ownership and changes in ownership (Forms 3, 4, and 5) with the SEC. Executive officers, directors, and greater than 10% beneficial owners are required to furnish us with copies of all of the forms that they file.

Dr. Costanzo filed a late Form 4 on September 16, 2019 to report the acquisition of common shares of beneficial ownership on September 3, 2019. Other than this filing, based solely on our review of these reports or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, our officers, directors, greater than 10% beneficial owners, and other persons subject to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act filed on a timely basis all reports required of them under Section 16(a) so that there were no late filings of any Form 3 or Form 5 reports or late Form 4 filings with respect to transactions relating to our common stock.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table for 2019

The following table sets forth certain information, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, regarding compensation of our named executive officers.

Narrative Discussion of Summary Compensation Table for 2019

Employment Agreements and Other Arrangements. Mr. Erb has a written employment agreement. We signed offer letters with each of our other named executive officers upon the commencement of their employment with us. All of the named executive officers have change in control agreements, which entitle them to payments from the Company upon the happening of specified termination events. See “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control”.

Base Salaries. The initial annual base salaries of our executive officers are negotiated in connection with their hiring. The Compensation Committee reviews the base salaries of the executive officers on an annual basis and generally grants salary increases following such reviews. In 2019, the salaries for each of Mr. Erb and Ms. Drayton was increased by 3, representing a combination of a cost of living and inflation adjustment and a merit raise.

As discussed above under “Board Matters—Committees of the Board—Compensation Committee—Role of Compensation Consultant,” the Compensation Committee engaged FW Cook 2019 to conduct a review of our executive compensation program. Based on the advice and information from FW Cook and taking into account information from publicly available industry surveys, the Compensation Committee approved base salary increases ranging from 2% to 4% for our officers and, specifically, a 3% increase for Mr. Erb, a 3.5% increase for Ms. Drayton and a 3% increase for Mr. Jaramillo (pro-rated because he commenced employment with the Company in May 2019).

Equity Compensation. Pursuant to the terms of his offer letter, Mr. Jaramillo was granted on May 23, 2019, an option to purchase 84,489 shares of our common stock with a grant date fair value of $254,176.71.

In January 2018,to restore a meaningful equity interest in the Company by our executive officers following the reverse stock splits and public offerings consummated in 2017 and following the increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan on January 1, 2018 pursuant to the “evergreen” provision in such plan, and considering the advice of Compensia, who was engaged in the fourth quarter of 2017 to provide an assessment of executive officer and non-employee director compensation for 2018, the board of directors and Compensation Committee granted options to purchase shares of our common stock to our named executive officers as follows:

Nonequity Incentive Plan Compensation. In 2019, the Compensation Committee made no change to the target bonuses, set forth as a percentage of annual base salary, for Mr. Erb which 50% of base salary. For Ms. Drayton, the target bonus was increased to 40% of base salary. The target bonus of 40% for Mr. Jaramillo was approved by the Compensation Committee in connection with commencement of his employment. The earned bonus was based on the achievement of corporate performance objectives defined and weighted by the Compensation Committee, in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer, and primarily related to our annual revenue, the management of cash to achieve our business objectives, the development and approval of a three-year strategic plan, and regulatory milestones for each of the Aquadex FlexFlow system and the modification of our label to include pediatric patients. The Compensation Committee assessed our achievement of the corporate objectives at 2019 year end and calculated a total weighted average performance to corporate objectives of 60%. While Mr. Erb’s bonus was based solely on the achievement of corporate objectives, Ms. Drayton and Mr. Jaramillo were also compensated based on the achievement of individual personal objectives, which accounted for 25% of their overall bonus. Because his employment with the Company commenced in May 2019, Mr. Jaramillo’s bonus was pro-rated for his time with the Company in 2019.

The following table sets forth target and earned non-equity incentive plan compensation for 2018 and 2019.

Pursuant to his offer letter, during 2017, Mr. Breidenstein was also entitled to receive 1.6% of the Company’s total net sales during each month of his employment. The Compensation Committee, taking into account the

assessment of Compensia, who was engaged in the fourth quarter of 2017 to provide an assessment of executive officer and non-employee director compensation for 2018, elected to continue this payment for fiscal 2018, reflected as non-equity incentive compensation in the “Summary Compensation Table for 2019” above. Mr. Breidenstein departed the Company on July 31, 2018.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth certain information concerning equity awards held by our named executive officers that were outstanding as of December 31, 2019.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control

Equity Compensation Plans

Equity awards have been issued to the named executive officers under the 2017 Plan, 2011 Plan and the New-Hire Plan. A termination or change in control may affect the vesting and/or exercisability of awards issued under the equity compensation plans, as further discussed below.

Stock Options Generally, if a participant’s continuous service terminates:

RSUs. Upon termination of a participant’s continuous service for any reason, any unvested RSUs will be immediately canceled and forfeited, provided that the Compensation Committee may accelerate the vesting of all or a portion of the award in connection with such termination.

Acceleration of Vesting. Under the 2017 Plan, the 2011 Plan and the New Hire Plan, the board of directors or the Compensation Committee may accelerate the exercisability or vesting of an award at any time, including immediately prior to a participant’s termination or change of control.

Change in Control Agreements

We have entered into change in control agreements with the named executive officers who are currently executive officers of the Company that require us to provide compensation to the officer in the event of a change in control. Each agreement has a term that runs from its effective date through the later of: (i) the five-year anniversary of the effective date, subject to automatic extension for successive two-year periods until notice of non-renewal is given by either party at least 60 days prior to the end of the then-effective term; or (ii) if a change in control occurs on or prior to the end of the then-effective term, then the one-year anniversary of the effective date of such change in control.

The change in control agreements provide that, if: (x) a change in control occurs during the term of the officer’s agreement; and (y) the officer’s employment terminates anytime during the one-year period after the effective date of the change in control; and (z) such termination is involuntary at the Company’s initiative without cause or is due to the officer’s voluntary resignation for good reason, then the Company will: (i) pay in a lump sum the officer’s salary for 12 months and any other earned but unpaid compensation; (ii) pay in a lump sum an amount equal to the incentive bonus payment received by the officer for the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the termination occurs; and (iii) provide healthcare benefits to the officer and the officer’s family until the earlier of (A) the date 12 months after the officer’s termination and (B) the date the officer is, and/or the officer’s covered dependents are, eligible to receive group medical and/or dental insurance coverage by a subsequent employer.

We are also obligated to make the foregoing payments and to provide the foregoing healthcare benefits in the event (i) the officer’s employment terminates (A) due to a voluntary resignation for good reason or (B) due to an involuntary termination by the Company without cause, and (ii) a change in control occurs within 90 days after the termination date and during the term of the agreement.

In addition to the payments described above, each change in control agreement provides that if a change in control occurs while the officer is actively employed by the Company and during the term of the agreement, such change in control will cause the immediate acceleration of the vesting of 100% of any unvested portion of any stock option awards held by the officer on the effective date of such change in control.

We are not obligated to make the payments described above unless: (i) the officer signs a full release of any and all claims in favor of the Company; (ii) all applicable consideration periods and rescission periods have expired; and (iii) as of the dates we provide any payments to the named executive officer, the officer is in strict compliance with the terms of the applicable change in control agreement and any proprietary information agreement the officer has entered into with the Company.

Employment Agreement – Mr. Erb

On March 1, 2016, we entered into an executive employment agreement with Mr. Erb regarding his employment as our Chief Executive Officer and President.

The agreement has an initial term (the “Initial Term”) of twelve (12) months beginning on March 1, 2016 and automatically renews for an additional twelve (12) month period at the end of the Initial Term and each anniversary thereafter provided that at least ninety (90) days prior to the expiration of the Initial Term or any renewal term the board of directors does not notify Mr. Erb of its intention not to renew the employment period.

The agreement entitles Mr. Erb to, among other benefits, the following compensation:

In connection with the equity grant contemplated by the agreement, Mr. Erb received an option to purchase 63 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $7,812.00 per share and an award of 42 restricted stock units, both of which were issued on March 16, 2016.

The agreement also includes a “claw-back” provision providing for the recoupment of unearned incentive compensation if the board of directors, or an appropriate committee thereof, determines that Mr. Erb engaged in any fraud, negligence, or intentional misconduct that caused or significantly contributed to the Company having to restate all or a portion of its financial statements, or if we are required to seek reimbursement by applicable laws or regulations, the board of directors or committee may require reimbursement of any bonus or incentive compensation paid to Mr. Erb.

Upon termination of Mr. Erb’s employment, Mr. Erb may be entitled to certain payments and benefits, depending on the reason for his termination. In the event Mr. Erb resigns his employment without good reason, the Company terminates Mr. Erb’s employment for cause, or Mr. Erb’s employment terminates as a result of his death or disability, Mr. Erb is entitled to receive the Unconditional Entitlements, but not the Conditional Benefits (each as

defined below). In the event Mr. Erb resigns with good reason or the Company terminates Mr. Erb’s employment for reason other than cause, Mr. Erb is entitled to receive the Unconditional Entitlements, as well as the Conditional Benefits, provided that Mr. Erb signs and delivers to the Company, and does not revoke, a general release of claims in favor of the Company and certain related parties.

The “Unconditional Entitlements” include the following: (i) any annual base salary earned, but unpaid, for services rendered to the Company on or prior to the date on which the employment period ends; (ii) in the event Mr. Erb’s employment terminates after the end of a fiscal year but before payment of the annual bonus payable for his services rendered in that fiscal year, the annual bonus that would have been payable to Mr. Erb for such completed fiscal year, provided that such termination is not due to the Company’s termination of Mr. Erb for cause or Mr. Erb’s resignation without good reason; and (iii) certain other benefits contemplated by the agreement.

The “Conditional Benefits” include the following: (i) a lump sum amount equal to one times Mr. Erb’s annual base salary as of the termination date; (ii) continued medical coverage for 12 months following the termination date; (iii) continued vesting of equity awards for 12 months following the termination date; and (iv) a pro-rata annual bonus for the year in which the termination date occurs, determined on the basis of an assumed full-year target bonus and the number of days in the applicable fiscal year occurring on or before the termination date.

Offer Letter – Ms. Drayton

On December 9, 2014, we entered into an offer letter with Ms. Drayton regarding her employment as our Chief Financial Officer effective January 5, 2015. Ms. Drayton was offered an annualized salary of $240,000, paid in monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s payroll procedures. Ms. Drayton was also made eligible for a bonus of up to 25% of her base salary. The Company also agreed to discuss a performance bonus based upon mutually agreed objectives upon commencement of her employment. Ms. Drayton also received a grant of stock options as a result of her employment and was made eligible to participate in the employee stock option program, and benefit programs generally made available to employees.

Offer Letter – Mr. Breidenstein

On April 12, 2017, we entered into an offer letter with Mr. Breidenstein regarding his employment as our Chief Commercial Officer effective April 24, 2017. In addition to the compensation described above under “—Narrative Discussion of Summary Compensation Table for 2019,” Mr. Breidenstein was also entitled to salary continuation and reimbursement of monthly COBRA premiums paid by him, in each case, for the 9-month period following the termination date, if the Company terminates his employment without cause; provided that Mr. Breidenstein signs and delivers to the Company, and does not revoke, a general release of claims. On July 31, 2018, Mr. Breidenstein ended employment with the Company and received the salary continuation and other benefits under the offer letter.

Offer Letter – Mr. Jaramillo

On April 12, 2019, we entered into an offer letter with Mr. Jaramillo regarding his employment as our Chief Commercial Officer effective May 7, 2019. Mr. Jaramillo was offered an annualized salary of $320,000, paid in semi-monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s payroll procedures. Mr. Jaramillo was also made eligible for a bonus of up to 40% his base salary, pro-rated for 2019, dependent upon Mr. Jaramillo’s good standing with the Company as of such bonus payment date. Mr. Jaramillo also received a grant of stock options as a result of his employment and was made eligible to participate in the employee stock option program, and benefit programs generally made available to employees.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

We give careful attention to related person transactions because they may present the potential for conflicts of interest. Under SEC rules, a related person transaction is any transaction or series of transactions in which: the Company or a subsidiary is a participant; the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of the Company’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years; and a related person has a direct or indirect material interest. A “related person” is a director, executive officer, nominee for director or a more than 5% stockholder, and any immediate family member of the foregoing.

To identify related person transactions in advance, we rely on information supplied by our executive officers, directors and certain significant stockholders. We maintain a written policy for the review, approval or ratification of related person transactions, and our Audit Committee reviews all related person transactions identified by us. The Committee approves or ratifies only those related person transactions that are determined by it to be, under all of the circumstances, in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Scott Erb, who served as our Senior Manager of Operations and Director of Marketing during 2017, is the son of John Erb, our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board. Scott Erb was paid $78,974 in 2017 as an employee of the Company. Following Scott Erb’s departure from the Company, the Company paid $15,010 in 2017 to Infinitum Analytics, LLC, of which Scott Erb is Owner/Principal, for consulting services.

In January 2019, we entered into a consulting agreement with Steven Brandt, one of our non-employee directors, pursuant to which Mr. Brandt provided services, on an interim basis, until May 31, 2019, to support our commercial strategy under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Brandt was paid a fee of $19,000 per month, for a total of $76,000 for his services. Mr. Brandt also received $2,453 for reimbursement of expenses.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) of our common stock as of December 31, 2019 by (i) each of the directors and named executive officers, (ii) all of the directors and executive officers as a group, and (iii) to our knowledge, beneficial owners of more than 5% of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 4,674,068 shares of our common stock outstanding. Unless otherwise indicated and subject to applicable community property laws, each owner has sole voting and investment powers with respect to the securities listed below.

(i) 772,154 shares such holder could acquire upon exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase common stock and (ii) 329,952 shares such holder could acquire upon conversion of outstanding Series G Preferred Stock. Each of the reporting persons shares voting and disposal power over the shares. The percentage in this table reflects that the reporting persons may not exercise the warrants to the extent such exercise would cause the reporting persons to beneficially own a number of shares of common stock that would exceed 4.99% of our then outstanding common stock following such exercise; provided, however, that upon prior notice to us, such holder may increase its ownership, provided that in no event will the ownership exceed 9.99%.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

Description of Units

We are offering up to 1,627,907 Class A Units, with each Class A Unit consisting of one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of our common stock (together with the shares of common stock underlying such warrants) at an assumed public offering price of $0.86 per Class A Unit. Each warrant included in the Class A Units entitles its holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $[   ].

We are also offering 6,511,628 Class B Units to purchasers who prefer not to beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock following the consummation of this offering with each Class B Unit consisting of one share of Series H Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, convertible into one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock (together with the shares of common stock underlying such warrants) at an assumed public offering price of $0.86 per Class B Unit. Each warrant included in the Class B Units entitles its holder to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series H Preferred Stock included in such units at an exercise price of $[   ] per share.

The securities of which the units are composed (the “underlying securities”) are being sold in this offering only as part of the units. However, the Class A Units and Class B Units will not be certificated and the underlying securities comprising such units are immediately separable. Each underlying security purchased in this offering will be issued independent of each other underlying security and not as part of a unit. Upon issuance, each underlying security may be transferred independent of any other underlying security, subject to applicable law and transfer restrictions.

Description of Warrants Included in the Units

The material terms and provisions of the warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus are summarized below. This summary of some provisions of the warrants is not complete. For the complete terms of the warrants, you should refer to the form of warrant filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Pursuant to a warrant agency agreement between us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company LLC, as warrant agent, the warrants will be issued in book-entry form and shall initially be represented only by one or more global warrants deposited with the warrant agent, as custodian on behalf of The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC.

Each Class A Unit and each Class B Unit includes a warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $[   ] per share at any time for up to five years after the date of the closing of this offering. The warrants issued in this offering will be governed by the terms of a global warrant held in book-entry form. The holder of a warrant will not be deemed a holder of our underlying common stock until the warrant is exercised, except as set forth in the warrants.

Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its warrants if the holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of such holder’s affiliates) would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of any warrants, 9.99%) of the shares of our common stock then outstanding after giving effect to such exercise (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”); provided, however, that upon notice to the Company, the holder may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, provided that in no event shall the Beneficial Ownership Limitation exceed 9.99% and any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until 61 days following notice of such increase from the holder to us.

The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock. The warrant holders must pay the exercise price in cash upon exercise of the warrants, unless such warrant holders are utilizing the cashless exercise provision of the warrants, which is only available in certain circumstances such as if the underlying shares are not registered with the SEC pursuant to an effective registration statement. We intend to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, effective when the warrants are exercised.

In addition, in the event we consummate a merger or consolidation with or into another person or other reorganization event in which our common shares are converted or exchanged for securities, cash or other property, or we sell, lease, license, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets or we or another person acquire 50% or more of our outstanding shares of common stock, then following such event, the

holders of the warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the warrants the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property which the holders would have received had they exercised the warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Any successor to us or surviving entity shall assume the obligations under the warrants. Further, as more fully described in the warrants, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black-Scholes value of the warrants as of the date of consummation of such transaction.

Upon the holder’s exercise of a warrant, we will issue the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrant within the earlier of three trading days following our receipt of a notice of exercise or the standard settlement period for the market on which the common stock is then listed, provided that payment of the exercise price has been made (unless exercised via the “cashless” exercise provision).

Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase common stock, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including the right to vote, except as set forth therein.

Warrant holders may exercise warrants only if the issuance of the shares of common stock upon exercise of the warrants is covered by an effective registration statement, or an exemption from registration is available under the Securities Act and the securities laws of the state in which the holder resides. We intend to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part effective when the warrants are exercised. The warrant holders must pay the exercise price in cash upon exercise of the warrants unless there is not an effective registration statement or, if required, there is not an effective state law registration or exemption covering the issuance of the shares underlying the warrants (in which case, the warrants may only be exercised via a “cashless” exercise provision).

The warrants are callable by us in certain circumstances. Subject to certain exceptions, in the event that the warrants are outstanding, following the date that is 180 days after the closing date, (i) the volume weighted average price of our common stock for each of 30 consecutive trading days (the “Measurement Period”), which Measurement Period commences after the date that is 180 days after the closing date, exceeds 300% of the initial exercise price (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, stock dividends and similar transactions), (ii) the average daily trading volume for such Measurement Period exceeds $500,000 per trading day and (iii) the holder is not in possession of any information that constitutes or might constitute, material non-public information which was provided by the Company, and subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then we may, within one trading day of the end of such Measurement Period, upon notice (a “Call Notice”), call for cancellation of all or any portion of the warrants for which a notice of exercise has not yet been delivered (a “Call”) for consideration equal to $0.0001 per share. Any portion of a warrant subject to such Call Notice for which a notice of exercise shall not have been received by the Call Date (as hereinafter defined) will be canceled at 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the tenth trading day after the date the Call Notice is received by the Holder (such date and time, the “Call Date”). Our right to call the warrants shall be exercised ratably among the holders based on the outstanding warrants.

We do not intend to apply for listing of the warrants on any securities exchange or other trading system.

Description of Capital Stock

Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 30,000 of which are designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and 535 of which are designated Series F Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series F Preferred Stock”) as of December 31, 2019. Once shares of Series F Preferred Stock are converted, redeemed or reacquired by us, such shares shall resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of undesignated preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2019, we had (i) 4,674,068 outstanding shares of common stock, (ii) 535 outstanding shares of Series F Preferred Stock, which, at the currently applicable conversion price, would convert into 538,210 shares of common stock, subject to future adjustment, (iii) outstanding options to acquire 405,730 shares of our common stock, and (iv) outstanding warrants to purchase 6,948,466 shares of our common stock. In December 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved a reverse split of its outstanding common stock at a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for 14 and, in January 2019, the board of directors approved a 1-for-14 reverse split of the Company’s outstanding common stock that became effective after trading on January 2, 2019. All share and per share amounts presented herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

The following description summarizes the most important terms of our capital stock. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a complete description you should refer to our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and certificate of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of Series F Preferred Stock, copies of which have been incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and to the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Common Stock

Dividends

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when and as declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available.

Voting

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on each matter properly submitted to our stockholders for their vote; provided however, that except as otherwise required by law, holders of our common stock will not be entitled to vote on any amendment to our certificate of incorporation (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of a series of outstanding preferred stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon by law or pursuant to our certificate of incorporation (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock).

Subject to the voting restrictions described above, holders of our common stock may adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws and/or alter certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66²∕3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, in addition to any vote of the holders of a class or series of our stock required by law or our certificate of incorporation. Those provisions of our certificate of incorporation that may be altered only by the super-majority vote described above relate to:

Conversion, Redemption and Preemptive Rights

Holders of our common stock do not have any conversion, redemption or preemptive rights pursuant to our organizational documents.

Liquidation, Dissolution and Winding-up

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in any assets remaining after the satisfaction in full of the prior rights of creditors and the aggregate of any liquidation preference pursuant to the terms of any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock, including our outstanding Series F Preferred Stock and the Series H Preferred Stock being offered hereby.

Listing

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CHFS.” See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments” in this prospectus for important information about the listing of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

Preferred Stock

We may issue any class of preferred stock in any series. Our board of directors has the authority to establish and designate series, and to fix the number of shares included in each such series and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, designation, preferences, and relative participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof. Our board of directors is not restricted in repurchasing or redeeming such stock while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments. Our board of directors is authorized to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. The number of authorized shares of preferred stock may be increased or decreased, but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the common stock, without a vote of the holders of the preferred stock, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock.

Prior to issuance of shares of any series of preferred stock, our board of directors is required by Delaware law to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The certificate of designation fixes for each class or series the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Any shares of preferred stock will, when issued, be fully paid and non-assessable.

Outstanding Series F Convertible Preferred Stock. Our Board designated 18,000 shares of preferred stock as Series F convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value. As of December 31, 2019, there were 535 shares of Series F Preferred Stock outstanding with a conversion price of $0.9942.

Liquidation. Upon any dissolution, liquidation or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Series F Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive distributions out of our assets, whether capital or surplus, of an amount equal to $0.0001 per share of Series F Preferred Stock before any distributions shall be made on the common stock or any series of preferred stock ranked junior to the Series F Preferred Stock.

Dividends. Holders of the Series F Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends equal (on an “as converted to common stock” basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of our common stock. No other dividends will be paid on shares of Series F Preferred Stock.

Conversion. Each share of Series F Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time at the option of the holder thereof, into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $1,000 by the conversion price of $0.9942 (subject to adjustment described below). This right to convert is limited by the beneficial ownership limitation described below.

Forced Conversion. Subject to certain ownership limitations as described below and certain equity conditions being met, until such time that during any 20 of 30 consecutive trading days, the volume weighted average price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the conversion price and the daily dollar trading volume during such period exceeds $200,000 per trading day, we have the right to force the conversion of the Series F Preferred Stock into common stock.

Beneficial Ownership Limitation. A holder shall have no right to convert any portion of Series F Preferred Stock, to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, such holder, together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any such affiliate, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon such conversion (subject to the right of the holder to increase such beneficial ownership limitation upon not less than 61 days prior notice provided that such limitation can never exceed 9.99% and such 61 day period cannot be waived). Beneficial ownership of the holder and its affiliates will be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Holders of Series F Preferred Stock who are subject to such beneficial ownership limitation are and will remain responsible for ensuring their own compliance with Regulation 13D-G promulgated under the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, consistent with their individual facts and circumstances. In addition, pursuant to Rule 13d-3(d)(1) (i) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, any person who acquires Series F Preferred Stock with the purpose or effect of changing or influencing the control of our company, or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having such purpose or effect, immediately upon such acquisition will be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the underlying common stock.

Optional Redemption. Subject to the terms of the certificate of designation, the Company holds an option to redeem some or all the Series F Preferred Stock six months after its issuance date at a 200% premium to the stated value of the Series F Preferred Stock subject to the redemption, upon 30 days prior written notice to the holder of the Series F Preferred Stock. The Series F Preferred Stock would be redeemed by the Company for cash.

Conversion Price Adjustment

Subsequent Equity Sales. The Series F Preferred Stock has full ratchet price based anti-dilution protection, subject to customary carve outs, in the event of a down-round financing at a price per share below the conversion price of the Series F Preferred Stock, including in this offering. If during any 20 of 30 consecutive trading days the volume weighted average price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the then-effective conversion price of the Series F Preferred Stock and the daily dollar trading volume for each trading day during such period exceeds $200,000, the anti-dilution protection in the Series F Preferred Stock will expire and cease to apply.

Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If we pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution payable in shares of common stock on shares of common stock or any other common stock equivalents, subdivide or combine outstanding common stock, or reclassify common stock, the conversion price will be adjusted by multiplying the then conversion price by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately before such event, and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares outstanding immediately after such event.

Fundamental Transaction. If we effect a fundamental transaction in which we are the surviving entity, then upon any subsequent conversion of Series F Preferred Stock, the holder thereof shall have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of our common stock and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock into which Series F Preferred Stock is convertible immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. If we effect a fundamental transaction in which we are not the surviving entity or a reverse merger in which we are the surviving entity, then the surviving entity shall purchase the outstanding Series F Preferred Stock by paying and issuing, in the event that such consideration given to common stockholders is non-cash consideration, as the case may be, to such holder (or canceling such holder’s outstanding Series F Preferred Stock and converting it into the right to receive) an amount equal to the greater of (i) the cash consideration plus the non-cash consideration (in the form issuable to the holders of common stock) per share of the common stock in the fundamental transaction multiplied by the number of conversion shares underlying the shares of Series F Preferred Stock held by the holder on the date of the consummation of the fundamental transaction or (ii) 130% of the stated value of the Series F Preferred Stock then outstanding on the date immediately prior to the consummation of the fundamental transaction. Such amount shall be paid in the same form and mix (be it securities, cash or property, or any combination of the foregoing) as the consideration received by the common stock in such fundamental transaction. A fundamental transaction means: (i) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, (ii) any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (iii) any tender offer or exchange offer allowing holders of our common stock to tender or exchange their shares for cash, property or securities, and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock (iv) any reclassification of our common stock or any compulsory share exchange by which common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) consummation of a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination with another person whereby such other person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock.

Voting Rights, etc. Except as otherwise provided in the Series F Preferred Stock certificate of designation or required by law, the Series F Preferred Stock has no voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series F Preferred Stock are outstanding, we may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series F Preferred Stock, alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series F Preferred Stock, amend its certificate of designation, amend our certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders, increase the number of authorized

shares of Series F Preferred Stock, or enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. The Series F Preferred Stock certificate of designation provides that if any party commences an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the certificate of designation, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. This provision may, under certain circumstances, be inconsistent with federal securities laws and Delaware general corporation law.

Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon conversion of Series F Preferred Stock. Rather, we shall, at our election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the conversion price or round up to the next whole share.

The Series F Preferred Stock was issued in book-entry form under a preferred stock agent agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust as preferred stock agent, and us, and shall initially be represented by one or more book-entry certificates deposited with The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC. There is no established public trading market for the Series F Preferred Stock, and the Series F Preferred Stock is not listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Series H Convertible Preferred Stock Being Offered Pursuant to this Prospectus. Our Board has designated [___] shares of preferred stock as Series H convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value (“Series H Preferred Stock”), none of which are issued and outstanding prior to this offering. Although there is no current intent to do so, our Board may, without stockholder approval, issue shares of an additional class or series of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of the common stock or the convertible preferred stock, except as prohibited by the certificate of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of Series H Preferred Stock.

The following is a summary of the material terms of our Series H Preferred Stock. For more information, please refer to the certificate of designation of preferences, rights and limitations of Series H Preferred Stock to be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Liquidation. Upon any dissolution, liquidation or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Series H Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive distributions out of our assets, whether capital or surplus, of an amount equal to $0.0001 per share of Series H Preferred Stock before any distributions shall be made on the common stock or any series of preferred stock ranked junior to the Series H Preferred Stock, but after distributions shall be made on any outstanding Series F Preferred Stock and any of our existing or future indebtedness.

Dividends. Holders of the Series H Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal (on an “as converted to common stock” basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on shares of our common stock when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of our common stock. No other dividends will be paid on shares of Series H Preferred Stock.

Conversion. Each share of Series H Preferred Stock is convertible, at any time and from time to time at the option of the holder thereof, into one share of common stock (subject to adjustment described below). This right to convert is limited by the beneficial ownership limitation described below.

Forced Conversion. Subject to certain ownership limitations as described below and certain equity conditions being met, until such time that during any 20 of 30 consecutive trading days, the volume weighted average price of our common stock exceeds 300% of the conversion price and the daily dollar trading volume during such period exceeds $200,000 per trading day, we shall have the right to force the conversion of the Series H Preferred Stock into common stock.

Beneficial Ownership Limitation. A holder shall have no right to convert any portion of Series H Preferred Stock, to the extent that, after giving effect to such conversion, such holder, together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any such affiliate, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon the election by a holder prior to the issuance of any shares of Series H Preferred Stock, 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon such conversion (subject to the right of the holder to increase such beneficial ownership limitation upon not less than 61 days prior notice provided that such limitation can never exceed 9.99% and such 61 day period cannot be waived). Beneficial ownership of the holder and its affiliates will be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations

promulgated thereunder. Holders of Series H Preferred Stock who are subject to such beneficial ownership limitation are and will remain responsible for ensuring their own compliance with Regulation 13D-G promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, consistent with their individual facts and circumstances. In addition, pursuant to Rule 13d-3(d)(1)(i) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, any person who acquires Series H Preferred Stock with the purpose or effect of changing or influencing the control of our company, or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having such purpose or effect, immediately upon such acquisition will be deemed to be the beneficial owner of the underlying common stock.

Conversion Price Adjustment

Stock Dividends and Stock Splits. If we pay a stock dividend or otherwise make a distribution payable in shares of common stock on shares of common stock or any other common stock equivalents, subdivide or combine outstanding common stock, or reclassify common stock, the conversion price will be adjusted by multiplying the then conversion price by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately before such event, and the denominator of which shall be the number of shares outstanding immediately after such event.

Fundamental Transaction. If we effect a fundamental transaction in which we are the surviving entity, then upon any subsequent conversion of Series H Preferred Stock, the holder thereof shall have the right to receive, for each share of common stock that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence of such fundamental transaction, the number of shares of our common stock and any additional consideration receivable as a result of such fundamental transaction by a holder of the number of shares of common stock into which Series H Preferred Stock is convertible immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. A fundamental transaction means: (i) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, (ii) any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets in one transaction or a series of related transactions, (iii) any tender offer or exchange offer allowing holders of our common stock to tender or exchange their shares for cash, property or securities, and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock (iv) any reclassification of our common stock or any compulsory share exchange by which common stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) consummation of a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination with another person whereby such other person acquires more than 50% of the outstanding shares of common stock.

Voting Rights, etc. Except as otherwise provided in the Series H Preferred Stock certificate of designation or required by law, the Series H Preferred Stock has no voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series H Preferred Stock are outstanding, we may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series H Preferred Stock, alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series H Preferred Stock, amend its certificate of designation, amend our certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders, increase the number of authorized shares of Series H Preferred Stock, or enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. The Series H Preferred Stock certificate of designation provides that if any party commences an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the certificate of designation, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. This provision may, under certain circumstances, be inconsistent with federal securities laws and Delaware general corporation law.

Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued upon conversion of Series H Preferred Stock. Rather, we shall, at our election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the conversion price or round up to the next whole share.

The Series H Preferred Stock will be issued in book-entry form under a preferred stock agent agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust as preferred stock agent, and us, and shall initially be represented by one or more book-entry certificates deposited with The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, and registered in the name of Cede & Co., a nominee of DTC, or as otherwise directed by DTC. There is no established public trading market for the Series H Preferred Stock and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not plan on applying to list the Series H Preferred Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, any other national securities exchange or any other nationally recognized trading system.

Description of Outstanding Warrants

As of December 31, 2019, there were warrants outstanding to purchase a total of 6,948,466 shares of our common stock, which expire between 2020 and 2025. Each of these warrants entitles the holder to purchase one share of common stock at prices ranging from $0.9942 to $43,848 per common share, with a weighted average exercise price of $7.06 per share. Certain of these warrants have a net exercise provision under which its holder may, in lieu of payment of the exercise price in cash, surrender the warrant and receive a net amount of shares based on the fair market value of our common stock at the time of exercise of the warrant after deduction of the aggregate exercise price. Each of these warrants also contains provisions for the adjustment of the exercise price and the aggregate number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrant in the event of dividends, share splits, reorganizations and reclassifications and consolidations. Certain of these warrants provide that, subject to limited exceptions, a holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of its warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own over 4.99% of our then outstanding common stock following such exercise; provided, however, that upon prior notice to us, the warrant holder may increase its ownership, provided that in no event will the ownership exceed 9.99%.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and

Delaware Law Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may be considered to have an anti-takeover effect, such as those provisions: